乙烯装置急冷系统能量回收工艺特点分析

乙烯装置急冷系统接收来自炉区的高温裂解气，为降低乙烯装置能耗，必须尽可能回收裂解气中的热量。文中针对KBR乙烯流程，介绍了乙烯装置急冷系统能量逐步回收的过程及其工艺特点。     

聚乙烯醇存在下耐尔蓝－铈钼、钪钼杂多酸体系连续光度测定铈和钪

在聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）存在下，耐尔蓝（ＮＢ）与铈钼、钪钼杂多酸络阴离子形成离子缔合物，其最大吸收均位于５８５ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光度分别为εｃｗ＝３．５２×１０６和εＳｃ＝３．５９×１０＿５Ｌ·ｍｏｌˉ１·ｃｍˉ１，铈和钪服从比耳定律的浓度范围分别为０～０．８μｇ／２５ｍｌ和０～２．０μｇ／２５ｍｌ，测定极限分别为１．３ｎｇＣｅ／ｍｌ（ｎ＝１０）和３．０ｎｇＳｃ／ｍｌ（ｎ＝７），对于０．０２μｇＣｅ／ｍｌ或０．０４μｇＳｃ／ｍｌ测定的相对标准偏差分别为２．７％（ｎ＝９）和２．８％（ｎ＝１０），离子缔合物的摩尔比分别为Ｃｅ：Ｍｏ：ＮＢ＝１：６：４和Ｓｃ：Ｍｏ：ＮＢ＝１：１２：３。本法用于地质标样分析，结果满意。     

防止设备结垢延长乙烯装置运行周期

设备结垢堵塞问题已成为乙烯装置长周期运转的难点。笔者重点论述了急冷油塔和冷箱的结垢问题及防范措施。     

乙烯收率状况分析与对策

通过对广州石化乙烯厂裂解原料、收率、运行状况进行分析，揭示石脑油质量波动对乙烯收率的影响，研究了乙烯收率的偏低原因，并提出原料频繁变化条件下，原料优化运作和COT调整对策。     

Intercalation of methylene blue in n-alkanethiolated self-assembled monolayers: Versatile electrochemical platforms for characterizing surfactant adsorption on hydrophobic surfaces

A versatile electrochemical platform for characterizing the adsorption of neutral and positively charged surfactants on hydrophobic surfaces was established using methylene blue (MB) as the probe. As a rigid, planar and electroactive species, MB can intercalate inside the regular self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n-hexanethiol and exhibit well-defined electrochemical responses. The adsorption of surfactants on the hydrophobic SAMs through the intercalation interaction between the hydrophobic tails of surfactants and the SAMs might change the density of the SAMs and influence the electrochemical behaviors of MB, providing a simple but effective approach for characterizing surfactant adsorption on hydrophobic surfaces. As an example, the adsorptive behaviors of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a positively charged surfactant, and Triton X-100, a neutral surfactant, on hydrophobic surfaces were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that these surfactants generally experienced three different adsorptive behaviors: the monomer adsorption at low concentrations, the loose monolayer adsorption at intermediate concentrations and the dense monolayer adsorption at high concentrations. In the case of CTAB, a new additional submonolayer adsorptive behavior between the monomer and the loose monolayer adsorption was observed for the first time, due to its rather long hydrophobic tail.     

Flavonoid pigments in chalkhill blue (Lysandra coridon Poda) and other lycaenid butterflies

Nine flavonoids, namely, kaempferol, kaempferol 7-rharanoside, kaempferol 3-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-glucoside, kaempferol 3-glucoside, 7-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3,7-diglucoside, isorhamnetin 3-glucoside, and isorhamnetin 3,7-diglucoside, have been identified in the body and wings of the chalkhill blue butterflyLysandra coridon Poda. Flavonoids have also been found in 15 of a further 17 lycaenid species examined. Analysis of the two-dimensional paper chromatographic flavonoid patterns and aglycone results has shown that the flavonoid content ofL. coridon and the other lycaenids is dependent on the flavonoid content of the larval diet. Differences in the flavonoid patterns ofL. coridon and its leguminous larval food plantsHippocrepis comosa, Anthyllis vulneraria, andLotus corniculatus, indicate that the ingested flavonoids are metabolized byL. coridon or its gut flora before sequestration. Despite the presence of fiavones, glycoflavones, and isoflavones in the larval food plant species, only flavonols are sequestered by the lycaenid species examined. The relationship between lycaenid butterflies and their larval food plants, and the possible role(s) of flavonoids in lycaenids has been discussed. Interactions between ants, plants, flavonoids, and myrmecophilous lycaenids have also been considered.     

活性炭的改性及吸附性能

亚甲基蓝属于噻嗪类染料,脱色较难.分别采用普通浸渍法,超声波浸渍法,将硫酸镁负载到活性炭上,以增强其对亚甲基蓝的脱色和吸附效果.结果表明,用超声浸渍法处理后的活性炭的脱色效果最佳,普通浸渍法次之,它们的脱色率分别达到62.81%和43.51%,未改性活性炭的脱色率仅为33.29%.实验中还发现,超声波改性有助于提高活性炭的吸附容量和吸附速率,改性前后活性炭均遵循Langmuir方程.     

依靠技术攻关和创新创国内乙烯装置长周期运转新纪录

通过开展技术攻关,开发、采用在线反吹、"波动法"除垢、高效阻垢剂、在线检测与专家诊断系统等乙烯装置长周期运行技术,解决了裂解炉对流段超温、急冷油塔和裂解气压缩机结垢、乙炔前加氢反应器稳定性差等影响长周期运行的技术难题,实现了乙烯装置连续运转6年,创国内乙烯装置长周期运行新纪录,达到国际先进水平.     

新型表面活性剂对酞菁蓝颜料的表面处理及表面性质的研究

本文自行设计并合成出新型颜料分散剂RSJ,用于酞菁蓝颜料的表面改性处理。分别研究在不同RSJ加量条件下酞菁蓝颜料临界润湿表面张力、表面自由能、流动性以及水相中分散稳定性的改善效果,并从中发现:经RSJ0.5％～3.0％添加量改性处理后,颜料临界润湿表面能γ_c由23mN/m变为34.8mN/m,提高了51％;对水的接触角由82.4°变为47°,减小了47％。表面自由能中的色散成分γ_s~d变化不大,可以认为保持不变,但是γ_s~p却由18.9mN/m变大为27.2mN/m,使得γ_s整体提高13％。此外,流动性提高2.5倍,水中分散稳定性提高了29％。     

乙烷/石脑油共裂解

对乙烯厂乙烷／石脑油共裂解和乙烷单独裂解方案以及炉型选定进行了较全面的技术经济比较。