Effect of photoaligning azo dye structure on liquid crystal anchoring energy

A method of controlling anchoring energy of surface interaction of liquid crystal photoaligning substances is considered to enhance the liquid crystal display performances. An important parameter of the dye's molecular structure that determines the ratio of polar and azimuthal anchoring energy is the ability to form dimers. The values of dimerization thermodynamic potentials have been found. The probability of the formation of dye molecules dimers is evaluated. The bonds conjugation transfer via intermolecular hydrogen bond is revealed, and anisotropy of polarizability of the hydrogen bond is evaluated. The effect of dimerization on polar and azimuthal anchoring energy of liquid crystal — azo dye system — is shown.     

Continuum electrostatic approach for evaluating positions and interactions of proteins in a bilayer membrane

Orientations of proteins in the membranes are crucial to their function and stability. Unfortunately the exact positions of these proteins in the lipid bilayer are mostly undetermined. Here, the spatial orientation of membrane proteins within the lipid membrane was evaluated using a Poisson–Boltzmann solvent continuum approach to calculate the electrostatic free energy of the protein solvation at various orientations in an implicit bilayer. The solvation energy was obtained by computing the difference in electrostatic energies of the protein in water and in lipid/water environments, treating each as an implicit solvent model. The optimal position of transmembrane proteins (TMP) in a lipid bilayer is identified by the minimum in the “downhill” pathway of the solvation energy landscape. The energy landscape pattern was considerably conserved in various TMP classes. Evaluation of the position of 1060 membrane proteins from the orientations of proteins in membranes (OPM) database revealed that most of the polytopic and β-barrel proteins were in good agreement with those of the OPM database. The study provides a useful scheme for estimating the membrane solvation energy made by lipid-exposed amino acids in membrane proteins. In addition, our results tested with the bacterial potassium channel model demonstrated the potential usefulness of the approach in assessing the quality of membrane protein models. The present approach should be applicable for constructing transmembrane proteins–lipid configuration suitable for membrane protein simulations and will have utility for the structural modeling of membrane proteins.     

用能量法分析体外预压力对简支梁动力性能的二阶效应

精细地考虑了体外筋变形中的二阶项,用能量法推导了体外预应力梁的自振频率,阐明了体外预压力对梁自振频率的效应.计算结果表明:体外预压力压缩软化效应的影响系数,主要取决于转向座的数量.无转向座时,体外筋偏心距损失为最大,影响系数为1,体外预压力的效应与外轴力的效应相同.随着转向座数量的增加,偏心距损失减小,体外筋接近于无粘结筋,影响系数降低至接近于0,即接近于无粘结筋预压力的零效应.当梁转向座的数量≥2时,由于影响系数显著地小于1,可以忽略体外预压力的压缩软化效应.随着体外筋面积和偏心距的增加,梁的第1自振频率增大.不过,体外筋对其他阶自振频率的影响很小,可以忽略.     

非线性减震器的多脉冲轨道和同宿树研究

针对一类非线性减震器,应用能量相位法研究了减震器系统在1∶0内共振,第一阶主共振情形下系统的多脉冲轨道和同宿树.首先,将系统的无量纲动力学控制方程转化为近可积哈密顿系统的标准形式.其次,研究了该系统的未扰动力学行为和扰动动力学行为,分析了耗散因子及相位漂移角对多脉冲轨道脉冲数和层半径的影响,揭示了这类非线性减震器能量从高频模态向低频模态转移的动力学机理.     

Distributed non-cooperative robust MPC based on reduced-order models

In this paper, a non-cooperative distributed MPC algorithm based on reduced order model is proposed to stabilize large-scale systems. The large-scale system consists of a group of interconnected subsystems. Each subsystem can be partitioned into two parts: measurable part, whose states can be directly measured by sensors, and the unmeasurable part. In the online computation phase, only the measurable dynamics of the corresponding subsystem and neighbour-to-neighbour communication are necessary for the local controller design. Satisfaction of the state constraints and the practical stability are guaranteed while the complexity of the optimization problem is reduced. Numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of this algorithm.     

Water–energy–food nexus in a transboundary context: the Euphrates–Tigris river basin as a case study

The interlinkage between water, energy and food security and its transboundary relevance is becoming increasingly important. The paper analyses the evolution of transboundary water resources management in the Euphrates–Tigris basin with specific reference to interlinkages between water, food and energy policies at national and transboundary levels, and it explores how the policy shifts at the highest decision-making level have served to produce synergies for cooperation among the riparians or vice versa.     

基于超熵产生的河型稳定判别式

基于非平衡态热力学理论中的超熵产生研究河型的稳定性,对河型是否有可能转化做出定量判别分析。选择河流系统的广义力和广义流,构造出河流的超熵产生以及超能耗率,根据超能耗率推导出河型稳定判别式。应用该判别式分析了黄河下游5个河段3种不同河型的稳定性,计算结果表明这5个河段的河型是稳定的,近期没有发生河型转化的可能性,与实际情况相符。利用该河型稳定判别式,不仅可判别河型的稳定性,还可以预测河流调整方向,为河流整治工程提供科学依据。     

势能增氧生态净化工艺在高浓度有机废水处理中的应用

比较污水处理好氧工艺生物转盘法和滴滤池法的优缺点,并结合两种废水处理方法的优点,设计新的工艺——势能增氧生态净化工艺,对南京市腊梅食品厂高浓度有机废水进行处理。结果表明,势能增氧生态净化工艺设计简单,不需鼓风曝气,污水进入废水处理系统后出水即达到所要求的水质标准,且全部自控管理,具有废水处理效果佳、运行费用低的特点。     

基于无线传感器网络的飞行器测控通信系统测量方案设计

针对目前航天飞行器测控通信系统测量参数种类和数量不断增加,系统可靠性要求越来越高,同时系统重量及设备体积约束日益严格的问题,提出了采用基于无线传感器网络的飞行器测量方案,方案重点从节点配置、时间同步、网络拓扑及能源供应等方面进行阐述和分析,最后给出了应解决的关键技术攻关方向。     

太阳能LED路灯控制系统的设计

设计了一套基于STC12单片机的太阳能LED路灯控制系统,系统采用变步长的电导增量法跟踪太阳能电池板最大功率点,充分利用太阳能电池板的能量,对铅酸蓄电池充电。同时实时监测铅酸蓄电池的电压防止蓄电池过充、过放等现象;对LED路灯采用多段式的恒流控制,通过环境照度的监测控制LED路灯在不同电流强度下工作,以增强LED路灯的使用寿命,实现节约用电的目的。