Trivalent chromium removal from tannery effluent using kaolin‐supported bacterial biofilm of Bacillus sp isolated from chromium polluted soil

BACKGROUND: Bacterial strains belonging to the genus Bacillus, isolated from Cr‐ polluted soil (tannery sludge) were employed as consortium for Cr(III) removal from tannery effluents. Kaolin clay, a natural adsorbent, was used as supporting material for bacterial biofilm formation. The use of clay‐supported bacterial biofilm has not previously been employed for the treatment of tannery effluents containing Cr(III) salt. RESULTS: Commercial tannery effluent containing 1000 ppm initial metal ion concentration was treated in stages. The initial Cr(III) concentration of 1000 ppm was brought down to 2 ppm, a permissible level for discharge, after the fourth stage. The bacterial isolates were found to be Bacillus subtilis VITSCCr01 and Bacillus cereus VITSCCr02 by 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Batch assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy results revealed the role of kaolin as a support material in biofilm formation. Best fit was obtained with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The mechanism of sorption was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS). CONCLUSION: Cr(III) removal from tannery effluent using low cost adsorbents such as kaolin and bacteria proved to be effective for metal concentrations ?1000 ppm; this is normally not possible using conventional treatment methods. This work has demonstrated feasible sorption of Cr(III), especially during post‐tanning operations. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

CO2双级系统的运行特性

本文论述了CO2双级系统在超市应用中各种运行工况和相应的运行特性，也论及不同负荷和运行工况下的主要原则和挑战。另外，分析了小型双级制冷系统中模拟和测量的运行结果，以帮助系统设计人员建模并避免可能存在的问题。     

基于Keil C的AT24C02串行E2PROM的编程

AT24Cxx系列芯片由于具有很多优点,受到了广大电子工程师的喜爱,因此应用非常广泛。由于他具有I2C结构,必须在时钟的严格控制之下进行数据的传输,大多数人都是采用汇编语言对其进行编程,避免使用难以精准控制时间的C语言编程。通过对AT24C02的结构及工作特征进行了详细的分析之后,给出了他的各种操作的C语言编程的函数,以求使读者达到触类旁通的目的。     

ULSI多层互连中的化学机械抛光工艺

介绍了化学机械抛光(CMP)技术在大规模集成电路多层互连工艺[1]中的重要作用,对CMP过程和CMP的影响因素进行简单分析。总结出CMP技术在多层互联平坦化中的优势,介绍目前常用互连材料中SiO2介质及其金属材料钨和铜的化学机械抛光常用分析机理,并简单介绍了各种互联材料常用的抛光液及抛光液的组分,对抛光液作了简单的对比。针对传统CMP过程存在的问题,分析了皮带式和固定磨料的CMP技术。     

Optimization of magnet arrangement in double‐layer interior permanent‐magnet motors

The arrangement of permanent magnets in double‐layer interior permanent‐magnet motors is optimized for variable‐speed applications. First, the arrangement of magnets is decided by automatic optimization. Next, the superiority of the optimized motor is discussed by considering d‐ and q‐axis equivalent circuits that take into account the magnetic saturation of the rotor core. Finally, experimental veri?cation is carried out with a prototype motor. It is con?rmed that the maximum torque of the optimized motor under both low‐speed and high‐speed conditions is higher than that of conventional motors because of the relatively large q‐axis inductance and small d‐axis inductance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(4): 54–63, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22348     

基于光电和倾角检测的全天候太阳跟踪传感器设计

为提高双轴太阳跟踪系统的跟踪精度,设计了一种全天候太阳跟踪传感器。该传感器主要由外壳、接口电缆、9个光电探头、倾角传感器SCA100T—D02及相应电路组成。晴天时通过光电探头检测太阳的位置,阴雨天气时通过SCA100T—D02实时反馈太阳能电池板转动后的倾角,以修正和消除太阳跟踪系统进行视日运动轨迹跟踪时的机械误差。通过理论分析计算,确定了光敏电阻器在探头中的安装位置,传感器可感知高度角在-88.83°~88.83°范围内的太阳入射光线。经试验测试,传感器的倾角检测的最大相对误差为3.8%,能满足实际应用要求。     

新型无毒铜铅分离有机抑制剂FY09的合成及性能研究

通过小型试验合成得到新型无毒铜铅分离有机抑制剂FY09。合成FY09的最佳工艺条件为摩尔配料比RG5∶RG6∶RL2=1∶1∶1.05、催化剂用量为总配料量的1.5%、反应温度80℃、反应时间6.5 h。FY09为淡黄色溶液、无毒,在铜铅多金属硫化矿浮选中,取代重铬酸钾+CMC抑铅浮铜,试验指标优于重铬酸钾+CMC。     

超声波辅助超临界CO2萃取柚皮甙的工艺研究

本文研究了以柚皮为原料,采用超声波辅助超临界二氧化碳萃取柏皮甙。以萃取率为指标,研究了超声波处理条件的影响,在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交试验优化超声波处理条件。结果表明,在超声波处理功率300W、处理温度60℃、料液比1：18、处理时间6min的条件下,柚皮甙的萃取率可达到3．64％。     

化学沉淀法制微细SiO2粉末

采用正交分析法研究以硅酸钠和盐酸为原料,用化学沉淀法制备微细SiO2粉末过程中反应温度、乙醇/水体积比、HCl浓度等影响因素对产品质量的影响,并利用粒度分析仪和金相显微镜对产品的粒度和形貌进行测试.实验结果表明在反应温度40℃,乙醇/水体积比为0.5,盐酸浓度为1.4 mol/L条件下制得的SiO2粉末,其粒径小且颗粒分散均匀.     

嗜热链球菌grx02对酒精性肝损伤大鼠保护作用的分子机制

研究了嗜热链球菌grx02对急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型的保护作用机制。建立了急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型,观察嗜热链球菌grx02对急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠血清转氨酶以及炎症细胞因子的改善作用。结果表明,酒精可诱导大鼠血清谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA)水平显著升高,;血清、肝匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-8(IL-8)细胞因子水平显著升高;乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)、增加谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著下降,与对照组比较均有显著性差异。结论:grx02可能通过抑制炎性因子,增强抗氧化酶系活性、抑制氧化应激引发的肝损伤,对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤发挥保护作用。