Sequence Algebra, Sequence Decision Diagrams and Dynamic Fault Trees

A large attention has been focused on the Dynamic Fault Trees in the past few years. By adding new gates to static (regular) Fault Trees, Dynamic Fault Trees aim to take into account dependencies among events. Merle et al. proposed recently an algebraic framework to give a formal interpretation to these gates.In this article, we extend Merle et al.'s work by adopting a slightly different perspective. We introduce Sequence Algebras that can be seen as Algebras of Basic Events, representing failures of non-repairable components. We show how to interpret Dynamic Fault Trees within this framework. Finally, we propose a new data structure to encode sets of sequences of Basic Events: Sequence Decision Diagrams. Sequence Decision Diagrams are very much inspired from Minato's Zero-Suppressed Binary Decision Diagrams. We show that all operations of Sequence Algebras can be performed on this data structure.     

Tooth flank modification theory of dual-torus double-enveloping hourglass worm drives

In this paper, the theory of tooth flank modification is enriched and developed for a double-enveloping toroidal worm drive. The goal and significance of the modification are expounded from the point of view of changing the tooth flank configuration for the worm gear pair. It is pointed out that the constant center distance modification, the constant transmission ratio modification, and the combination of the previous two are the convenient and reasonable modification strategies. All the corrected hourglass worm pairs, attained by employing the preceding modification methodology, can be divided into two fundamental types: the type I worm pair and the type II worm pair, from the perspective of the meshing behavior. The division criterion of the worm drive type is moreover provided on the basis of the value range of the modification parameters in this study. The meshing characteristics of the two types of the modified globoidal worm drive are summarized in detail. The results indicate that the type II worm gearing with slight modification should be the preferred style for the double-enveloping toroidal worm drive.     

Fault management in process control: eye movements and action

Operators controlled a simulated thermal hydraulic system based on Crossman's waterbath task. They were required to keep the system at set points for temperature, level and flow rates. The system was subjected to disturbances and to failures, which the operators were required to manage. Behavioural data were collected in the form of keystroke commands, and in addition eye movements were measured. Evidence for ‘cognitive lockup’ and for a preference for serial fault management were found. Fixation durations do not change, but faulty subsystems are examined more frequently. During lockup other subsystems may be examined but action on them is delayed. Eye movements give considerable additional insight into the nature of process control information processing compared with traditional measures of operator performance.     

Use of coordinate measuring machines and digital optical machines for the geometric characterization of circumference arcs using the minimum zone method

This paper presents an optimised method for the characterization of circular features of any amplitude, which includes the capture of geometric data, by means of the use of three-coordinate measuring machine or digital optical machines with a CCD camera, and its subsequent mathematical processing. The proposed model determines the radius and the circularity error, based on the minimum zone method, and to this end it uses linear programming techniques, the Simplex programming principles and the limaçon approximation. An experimental study on ring gauges and reference disks is provided, including a comparative analysis using the Chauvenet and Grubbs filtering procedures. Last of all, an uncertainty estimation method is proposed by means of the Monte Carlo simulation. The experimental analysis carried out on ring gauges and reference disks accredit that the algorithm developed, implemented in a Matlab® environment, gives reliable results for any circumference arc considered, regardless of its amplitude.     

城市增长边界的性质及划定方法探讨——杭州市生态带保护与控制规划实践

随着我国城市化进程加速推进,城市增长与土地资源和生态环境保护等矛盾已日益凸显。划定城市增长边界(UGB)是协调建设与生态保护的有效手段。结合杭州生态带规划案例,对城市增长边界的性质进行辨析,提出刚性UGB与弹性UGB的区别。运用生态敏感性分析、景观生态安全格局构建和建设用地规划等方法,以及面对建设与保护冲突的规划决策方法,探讨了UGB的划定方法,并指出UGB在我国规划应用中需要进一步完善的方面。     

Data-mining based fault detection

This paper presents a fault-detection method based on the phase space reconstruction and data mining approaches for the complex electronic system. The approach for the phase space reconstruction of chaotic time series is a combination algorithm of multiple autocorrelation and Г-test, by which the quasi-optimal embedding dimension and time delay can be obtained. The data mining algorithm, which calculates the radius of gyration of unit-mass point around the centre of mass in the phase space, can distinguish the fault parameter from the chaotic time series output by the tested system. The experimental results depict that this fault detection method can correctly detect the fault phenomena of electronic system.     

讲座（二）：通用变频器应用技术指南——变频器的配套设备及安装技术

本文面向变频器使用的用户、从事变频器应用和系统设计维护人员、销售人员、维修人员。文中介绍了变频器的原理、森兰变频器的基本系列、附加配套设备的选用、安装技术和禁忌、与周边设备的关系、安装后的调试、操作使用方法、日常维护保养、常见故障检查、判断处理、以及典型应用事例。     

Recent Advances in Optical Engineering of Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Since the first demonstration of light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) in 1995, much effort has been made to develop this technology for display and lighting. A common LEC generally contains a single emissive layer blended with a salt, which provides mobile ions under a bias. Ions accumulated at electrodes facilitate electrochemical doping such that operation voltage is low even when employing high‐work‐function inert electrodes. The superior properties of simple device architecture, low‐voltage operation, and compatibility with inert metal electrode render LECs suitable for cost‐effective light‐emitting sources. In addition to enormous progress in developing novel emissive materials for LECs, optical engineering has been shown to improve device performance of LECs in an alternative way. Light outcoupling enhancement technologies recycle the trapped light and increase the light output from LECs. Techniques to estimate emission zone position provide a powerful tool to study carrier balance of LECs and to optimize device performance. Spectral tailoring of the output emission from LECs based on microcavity effect and localized surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles improves the intrinsic emission properties of emissive materials by optical means. These reported optical techniques are overviewed in this review.     

一种带故障报警的漏电保护器电路设计

传统的小型漏电保护期没有故障自检功能,即使产品出现问题也没有告警。在这种情况下,如果真的有了漏电故障,就可能造成人身伤害,设备故障或者火灾。本设计利用常用的逻辑器件实现自动检测产品出现的故障功能,并给出故障报警。故障检测包括脱扣线圈检测,机械故障检测和内部的直流电源电路检测。     

径向三重流MOCVD反应器壁面温度的数值模拟

将研究辐射换热问题的区域法引入壁面间的辐射换热计算,建立了MOCVD壁面温度的计算模型,应用该模型计算了径向三重流MOCVD反应器的壁面温度分布.结果表明,在反应器的不同部位,壁面温度分布的规律有所不同.当径向三重流MOCVD反应器处于自然对流的环境时,壁面的最大温差可达123K,如此大的温差将会对反应器内的气体流动和沉积过程产生影响;为了使反应器的温度保持在较为恒定的低温,外壁面的强制对流换热系数应大于84W/(m 2·K).