Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Polyhedral Nanocrystals and Their Facet‐Dependent Properties

Growth of inorganic polyhedral nanocrystals with excellent morphology control presents significant synthetic challenges, especially when the development of synthetic schemes to make nanocrystals with systematic shape evolution is desired. Nanocrystals with fine size and shape control facilitate formation of their self‐assembled packing structures and offer opportunities for examination of their facet‐dependent physical and chemical properties. In this Feature Article, recent advances in the synthesis of nanocrystals with systematic shape evolution are highlighted. The reaction conditions used to achieve this morphology change offer insights into the growth mechanisms of nanocrystals. A novel class of polyhedral core–shell heterostructures fabricated using structurally well‐defined nanocrystal cores is also presented. Facet‐dependent photocatalytic activity, molecular adsorption, and catalytic and electrical properties of nanocrystals have been examined and are discussed. Nanomaterials with enhanced properties and functionality may be obtained through continuous efforts in the synthesis of nanocrystals with well‐defined structures and investigation of their plane‐selective properties.     

Exploring How to Increase the Brightness of Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Nanolabels: The Effect of the Raman‐Active Molecules and of the Label Size

Due to the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect, SERS labels based on noble‐metal nanoparticles loaded with Raman‐active molecules are good candidates for ultrasensitive multiplexed assays and in vitro/in vivo imaging. However, understanding how to maximize the brightness of such labels is of paramount importance for their widespread application. The effective differential Raman scattering cross‐section (dσ_R/dΩ) of SERS labels made of pegylated gold nanoparticles loaded with various Raman active molecules (Raman reporters) is studied. It is found that proper choice of the Raman reporter and of nanoparticle size can enhance the dσ_R/dΩ by several orders of magnitude. The experimental results are understood by considering the molecular cross‐section for resonant Raman scattering and the local electromagnetic enhancement factor (G_SERS) in the nearby of gold nanoparticles. These results are useful to guide the design of SERS labels with improved performances and to provide a reference for the comparison of the absolute value of the dσ_R/dΩ of SERS labels based on metal nanoparticles.     

Emerging Plasmonic Assemblies Triggered by DNA for Biomedical Applications

Plasmonic gold nanocrystal represents plasmonic metal nanomaterials, and has a variety of unique and beneficial properties, such as optical signal enhancement, catalytic activity, and photothermal properties tuned by local temperature, which are useful in physical, chemical, and biological applications. In addition, the inherent properties of predictable programmability, sequence specificity, and structural plasticity provide DNA nanostructures with precise controllability, spatial addressability, and targeting recognition, serving as ideal ligands to link or position building blocks during the self-assembly process. Self-assembly is a common technique for the organization of prefabricated and discrete nanoparticle blocks for the construction of extremely sophisticated nanocomposites. To this end, the integration of DNA nanotechnology with Au nanomaterials, followed by assembly of DNA-functionalized Au nanomaterials can form novel functional Au nanomaterials that are difficult to obtain through conventional methods. Here, recent progress in DNA-assembled Au nanostructures of various shapes is summarized, and their functions are discussed. The fabrication strategies that employ DNA for the self-assembly of Au nanostructures, including dimers, tetramers, satellites, nanochains, and other nanostructures with more complex geometric configurations are first described. Then, the characteristic optical properties and applications of biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and therapy are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects are elucidated.     

修饰不同金纳米颗粒的极大角倾斜光纤光栅折射率传感特性研究

研究了分别使用大尺寸金纳米壳与星型金纳米颗粒修饰极大角倾斜光纤光栅(ExTFG)的局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)传感器,实验对比了这两种ExTFG-LSPR传感器的折射率传感特性。实验结果表明:修饰星型金纳米颗粒的ExTFG传感器,其TM、TE模的基于波长变化的折射率灵敏度分别提升约15.52和12.8nm/RIU,但共振吸收效应不明显;而修饰大尺寸金纳米壳的ExTFG传感器,在大尺寸金纳米壳的LSPR作用下,其TM、TE模的基于波长变化的折射率灵敏度分别提升约31.1和26.99nm/RIU,同时,TM与TE模在C-L波段表现出强烈的共振吸收,基于归一化强度变化的折射率灵敏度分别约为185.18%/RIU和251.83%/RIU。     

化学沉镍金速率分析与应用

通过试验分析,得出了温度、pH、浓度与化学镍、化学金析出速率的关系,为精确控制化学镍、化学金的镀层厚度、降低化金成本提供了依据。     

PCB焊点焊接缺陷原因分析

PCB焊点焊接缺陷产生的原因可能很多,如果你从扩散焊接的特点考虑就会变得明了起来！熔化的焊料原子沿着被焊接金属的结晶晶界的扩散,扩散所需要的激活能也可称为“表面自由能”比体扩散小。一般锡料的活性能约为380达因/厘米,鲜活的铜面在助焊剂的辅助下约为1265达因/厘米,所以焊接可以良好进行。     

基于介电泳机理的金纳米颗粒传感器装配方法

研究了一种基于介电泳机理的金纳米颗粒传感器装配方法。在分析介电泳工作原理的基础上,利用Comsol Multiphysics仿真软件,对平面微电极条件下所产生的空间电场进行了建模仿真,研究了金纳米粒子极化模型及相关介电泳频谱特性。设计加工了基于光刻标准工艺和引线键合技术的平面微电极阵列,构建了具有三维位移平台和视频监控装置的介电泳装配实验平台。以250nm金颗粒为实验对象,在理论分析基础上,完成了在微电极阵列上的介电泳组装实验研究,并通过电特性测量验证了组装结果。实验结果表明:金纳米颗粒的介电泳组装效果与介质溶液的电导率、电场频率和幅度、金纳米粒子浓度、电极间隙及作用时间有关,在适宜的条件下,采用介电泳技术可实现对金纳米颗粒的有效操控和纳米器件装配,该方法为纳米传感器的制造提供了一种有效途径。     

毫米波射频互连微组装工艺优化研究

在毫米波产品的装配中,射频互连微组装工艺是影响产品性能的一个重要因素。采用三维电磁仿真软件对毫米波频段的组装缝隙宽度、金丝热超声楔焊跨距及拱高进行了建模仿真,分析了上述因素对驻波的影响。针对模拟仿真优化结果,给出了毫米波射频互连装配精度控制、接地焊接效果优化、金丝热超声楔焊线型及键合参数优化等相应的工艺优化措施,从而达到毫米波射频互连微组装工艺优化的目的。     

Gold Nanoshell Nanomicelles for Potential Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Light‐Triggered Drug Release,and Photothermal Therapy

A novel multifunctional drug‐delivery platform is developed based on cholesteryl succinyl silane (CSS) nanomicelles loaded with doxorubicin, Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles, and gold nanoshells (CDF‐Au‐shell nanomicelles) to combine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, magnetic‐targeted drug delivery, light‐triggered drug release, and photothermal therapy. The nanomicelles show improved drug‐encapsulation efficiency and loading level, and a good response to magnetic fields, even after the formation of the gold nanoshell. An enhancement for T₂‐weighted MR imaging is observed for the CDF‐Au‐shell nanomicelles. These nanomicelles display surface plasmon absorbance in the near‐infrared (NIR) region, thus exhibiting an NIR (808 nm)‐induced temperature elevation and an NIR light‐triggered and stepwise release behavior of doxorubicin due to the unique characteristics of the CSS nanomicelles. Photothermal cytotoxicity in vitro confirms that the CDF‐Au‐shell nanomicelles cause cell death through photothermal effects only under NIR laser irradiation. Cancer cells incubated with CDF‐Au‐shell nanomicelles show a significant decrease in cell viability only in the presence of both NIR irradiation and a magnetic field, which is attributed to the synergetic effects of the magnetic‐field‐guided drug delivery and the photothermal therapy. Therefore, such multicomponent nanomicelles can be developed as a smart and promising nanosystem that integrates multiple capabilities for effective cancer diagnosis and therapy.