Influence of lithium-based products proposed for counteracting ASR on the chemistry of pore solution and cement hydrates

Low- and high-alkali cement pastes were made with or without LiNO₃ or a Li-bearing glass. The [Li]/[Na+K] molar ratio was kept constant to 0.74. The specimens were stored at 23, 38, and 60 °C in sealed containers. After 3, 7, 28, and 91 days, their pore solutions were extracted and analysed, and their residual water contents were obtained by drying. The Li glass was found to react quite slowly, and the corresponding [Li⁺] in solution progressively increased with time, temperature, fineness (as-received glass vs. ground glass), and the [Na⁺+K⁺] concentration in solution. This glass increased the pH by about 0.1, and by about 0.2 after it was finely ground. In contrast, LiNO₃ decreased the pH by about 0.1, despite significantly increasing the [Na⁺+K⁺] in the pore solution. The higher the total %Na₂O_e content (including Li) in the original mixtures, the higher the total alkali content incorporated in the cement hydrates. The [Li⁺]-[Na⁺+K⁺] ratio in solution was about half of the initial ratio (0.74), while this ratio in the cement hydrates was always over 1.1. Li is the alkali most preferentially incorporated into the cement hydrates, while K is the least.     

Impedance spectroscopy study of hardened Portland cement paste

In this paper, the differential impedance analysis (DIA) has been applied to the study of the dielectric properties of hardened Portland cement paste. Two time constants are found in the impedance spectra obtained in the frequency region form 100 kHz to 15 MHz. One time constant has been attributed to the solid matrix and the other one to the liquid phase filling the pores. The effect of the cement paste-electrodes interface has been quantified using two different experimental set-ups. Measurements using direct contact between electrodes and cement paste have been compared with measurements using an air gap technique in which the specimen “floats” between the electrodes. The two referred time constants have been found in both types of measurements. The influence of drying on the dielectric parameters is also studied.     

改性MgO膨胀剂对水泥浆体流动度和膨胀性能的影响

为了改善MgO膨胀剂(MgO expansive agent,简称MEA)对混凝土流动性的不利影响和延缓氧化镁混凝土的膨胀时间,采用十八碳不饱和脂肪酸对MEA进行表面改性,测试了改性MEA的活性指数、孔结构和水化热等特性,并通过测定掺改性MEA的水泥浆体的流动度和膨胀性能来评价其改性效果。结果表明:MEA经过表面改性后,其活性指数增大,孔结构被细化,水化放热时间有所延迟;改性MEA可明显降低MEA水泥浆体的流动度经时损失,并有效地延缓MEA水泥浆体的膨胀时间,提高其后期膨胀量。研究成果可为表面改性MEA在大体积混凝土中的应用提供参考。     

多目标条件下矿山充填材料配比优化实验

为准确确定某铁矿尾砂胶结充填材料最优配比,分别选择制浆水性、砂灰质量比和料浆质量浓度与充填体强度、料浆坍落度和料浆泌水率作为尾砂胶结充填材料配比优化的影响因素和充填性能评价指标.基于响应面–满意度函数耦合理论,采用Box-Behnken实验设计方法开展13组不同充填配比实验,构建充填性能评价指标的响应面函数,研究各影响因素与目标响应量的相关关系及多目标条件下的最优充填材料配比.结果表明,制浆水性对响应量影响不显著;砂灰质量比对充填体强度影响极显著;坍落度受料浆质量浓度、砂灰质量比影响较显著;砂灰质量比和料浆质量浓度对料浆泌水率的影响均极为显著,且二者之间存在极显著的交互作用.该矿尾砂胶结充填材料最优配比为:制浆水性为海水,砂灰质量比为8.44:1,料浆质量浓度为72%,该配比条件下对应的响应量预测结果为:充填体28 d龄期单轴抗压强度为2.00 MPa,料浆塌落度为27.15 cm,料浆泌水率为7.35%,与验证实验结果基本吻合,为现场工业实验提供强有力的理论支撑.     

松散回填层及深厚淤泥地基联合灌浆加固技术研究

江苏某风电场升压站电缆沟地基为厚约３ｍ的土夹石回填层和１５ｍ的淤泥层,因施工时回填层未分层碾压,淤泥层也未作处理,工程运行后出现了明显下沉,局部下沉量超过了３０ｃｍ,严重影响到电缆及设备的正常运行,亟需进行加固处理。针对该电缆沟回填层孔隙大、淤泥层深厚、地下管线复杂、施工空间受限、工期短,以及减沉加固效果要求高等工程特点,研究采用了“水泥膏浆＋稳定性浆液”、 “压力－流量双限控制”、“深－浅孔布孔”相结合的联合灌浆加固处理方法,以工后沉降为控制目标,对孔排距、灌浆压力和灌浆量进行了设计,对水泥膏浆和稳定性浆液进行了现场配比试验和灌浆施工,并对加固处理效果进行了分析评价。工后沉降监测表明,联合灌浆对于松散回填层及深厚淤泥地基加固处理效果较好,可为类似工程提供参考。     

软土地区旧桩拔除技术和新建桩基础调整方案及施工措施

结合天津南开区某地块定向经济适用房项目,介绍其在基础施工中遇到旧预制方桩时,采用全套管高压喷气、射水振动沉管施工工艺清孔拔桩,并对该工艺进行分析得出:该拔桩施工工艺适用于软土地区旧桩拔除项目;并针对旧桩孔无法回填压实、部分新建桩基础与拔除旧桩孔距离较近等原因导致钻孔倾斜、串孔等问题,提出远离旧桩位置或调整至旧桩桩心位置等方法调整桩位,并采用加大桩径、增设承台等调整方案承担因调整桩位而产生的上部偏心荷载;采用拌和白灰、分层压实、回填静置等措施提高回填土的密实度,采用保证垂直度和调节泥浆配合比等措施,以改善不良施工条件,得出适当增加混凝土充盈系数保证成桩质量等施工经验,为后续类似工程提供借鉴。     

Gateside packwall design in solid backfill mining-A case study

Based upon characteristic movement features of the overlying strata in solid backfill mining and in-situ observations,an associated model representing a roadway support system has been developed.Based on the Winkler foundation and beam model,the current study presents a static analysis of the model,thus permitting acquisition of a theoretical formula pertaining to roof convergence.Through use of working face 6304-1(Jisan Colliery) as the research setting,the association between roof convergence magnitude and both packwall strength and width have been elucidated.Based upon observed conditions at the working face,realistic packwall parameters have been formulated,with numerical simulation results and field application results indicating that design parameters garnered from the developed formula successfully adapted to local geological movement and deformation.Accordingly,roadway deformation was shown to be within the permissible range,thus satisfying mine production requirements.The proposed method in the current study may give a design basis for pack design in the context of SBM under similar conditions.     

Mechanical analysis of roof stability under nonlinear compaction of solid backfill body

Based on the compaction characteristic test and the nonlinear compaction deformation characteristics of backfill material, this paper applies the theory of nonlinear elastic foundation of thin plate to establish a mechanical model of backfill body and roof in solid dense backfill coal mining. This study critically analyses the deflection equation of the roof by the energy method, derives the conditions of roof breakage and combined with concrete engineering practice analyses, determines roof movement regularity and stability in solid dense backfill mining. Analysis of the engineering practice of the 13,120 backfill panel of Pingmei 12# mine shows the theoretical maximum of roof convergence in backfill mining to be415 mm which is in significant agreement with the measured value. During the advancing process of solid backfill mining at the panel, the maximum tensile stress on the roof is less than its tensile strength which does not satisfy the conditions for roof breakage. Drilling results on the roof and ground pressure monitoring show that the integrity of roof is strong, which is consistent with the theoretical calculations described in this study. The results presented in the study provide a basis for further investigation into strata movement theory in solid dense backfill mining.     

Stability analyses of vertically exposed cemented backfill:A revisit to Mitchell's physical model tests

Mitchell's solution is commonly used to determine the required strength of vertically exposed cemented backfill in mines. Developed for drained backfill, Mitchell model assumed a zero friction angle for the backfill. Physical model tests were performed. Good agreements were obtained between the required strengths predicted by the analytical solution and experimental results. However, it is well-known that zero friction angle can only be possible in terms of total stresses when geomaterials are submitted to unconsolidated and undrained conditions. A revisit to Mitchell's physical model tests reveals that both the laboratory tests performed for obtaining the shear strength parameters of the cemented backfill and the box stability tests were conducted under a condition close to undrained condition. This explains well the good agreement between Mitchell's solution and experimental results. Good agreements are equally obtained between Mitchell's experimental results and FLAC3 D numerical modeling of shortterm stability analyses of exposed cemented backfill.     

Method for calculating dynamic yield stress of fresh cement pastes using a coaxial cylinder system

The calculation of the rheological parameters of fresh cement pastes plays a key role in understanding the rheology of cement-based mixes. Because cement paste is not a simple Bingham fluid, a suitable nonlinear model must be found for characterizing its flow. A test system in which the rotational speed or shear rate can be changed in multiple steps is regarded as a suitable rheological test protocol because the paste reaches a steady state. Furthermore, theoretical derivations show that the solution of the Couette inverse problem corresponding to the modified Bingham model and the Herschel–Bulkley (H-B) model is complex. However, a comparative analysis revealed that the yield stress of fresh paste could easily be obtained through a calculation process based on a Parabolic model. This study presents the complete calculation procedure for this model. The influence of the plug flow is considered, and test points with low minimum shear stress (τ_min) are excluded. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with the results obtained using mini-cone slump tests. These results show that the dynamic yield stress calculated using the expression of the Couette inverse problem based on the Parabolic model in consideration of the plug flow is very close to the yield stress obtained using the mini-cone slump flow test. This proves that the proposed method could precisely characterize the dynamic yield stress of cement pastes.