Colloidal Photonic Crystals Doped with Gold Nanoparticles: Spectroscopy and Optical Switching Properties

Polystyrene artificial opals with few gold nanoparticles (AuNp) embedded in the interstices (doping) are grown by using the meniscus technique starting from a mixed suspension of microspheres and AuNp. Samples having different sphere diameters and nanoparticle loads have been prepared. Their reflectance spectra clearly show a dramatic bathochromic shift of the photonic stop band (up to 1400 cm^–1) and a reduction of its full width half maximum, due to an increase of the effective refractive index of about 8 % with respect to bare opals, which is accounted for by analytical theoretical models. Reflectance spectra do not show any direct evidence of AuNp absorption even at the higher AuNp doping level. Nanosecond transient absorption measurements on these systems indicate that a variation of transmission (optical switching) of about 150 % is observed for AuNp doped opals upon photoexcitation with 9 ns laser pulses at 532 nm. No switching is instead observed for bare opals.     

Inside Front Cover: Three‐Dimensionally Ordered Gold Nanocrystal/Silica Superlattice Thin Films Synthesized via Sol–Gel Self‐Assembly (Adv. Funct. Mater. 7/2006)

The synthesis of three‐dimensionally ordered, transparent gold‐nanocrystal (NC)/silica superlattice thin films using the self‐assembly (by spin‐coating) of water‐soluble gold nanocrystal micelles and soluble silica is reported by Fan and co‐workers on p. 891. The robust, 3D NC/silica superlattice films are of interest for the development of collective optical and electronic phenomena, and, importantly, for the integration of NC arrays into device architectures. Nanocrystals and their ordered arrays hold many important applications in fields such as catalysis, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy based sensors, memory storage, and electronic and optical nanodevices. Herein, a simple and general method to synthesize ordered, three‐dimensional, transparent gold nanocrystal/silica superlattice thin films by self‐assembly of gold nanocrystal micelles with silica or organosilsesquioxane by spin‐coating is reported. The self‐assembly process is conducted under acidic sol–gel conditions (ca. pH 2), ensuring spin‐solution homogeneity and stability and facilitating the formation of ordered and transparent gold nanocrystal/silica films. The monodisperse nanocrystals are organized within inorganic host matrices as a face‐centered cubic mesostructure, and characterized by transmission electron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction.     

电镀镍金工艺渗金原因分析及改善

通过对采用贴干膜板进行电镀镍金工艺渗金造成批量报废的原因进行分析,采取多种试验方案寻找问题根源,使问题得到彻底解决。     

电子接插件的快速连续电镀方法

介绍了适于电子接插件的快速连续电镀金、钯及Ｓｎ－Ｐｂ合金工艺的流程、操作要领等,对镀层的性能进行了分析比较,提出了快速电镀应解决的问题。     

一种基于图像DC系数的多比特水印

提出了一种新的多比特水印算法。该算法把基于图像自身的水印信息嵌入到图像的DC系数中,通过视觉模型控制DC系数的改变程度,在保证水印不可见性的同时,提高了水印的鲁棒性。为实现水印的盲检测,采用Gold码序列对水印信息进行了扩频。在检测阶段,充分利用Gold序列良好的相关性恢复出水印。应用所提出算法,把水印信息嵌入到一幅512×512的灰度图像中。实验表明,该算法对常规信号处理攻击和几何攻击具有很强的鲁棒性。     

微细浸染型金矿强化湿法预处理研究

采用两段充气预处理-非氰化工艺浸出微细浸染型金矿,研究了浸出条件对金浸出效率的影响。结果表明,在氧化和碱浸预处理2个阶段充气可提高金浸出率;氧化预处理2 h后,加入氢氧化钠(20 kg/t)碱浸预处理4 h,加入氧化钙(40 kg/t)替代氢氧化钠,用TY-3浸出剂(8 kg/t)浸出4 h,金浸出率可达87.21%。浸出渣的物相分析、扫描电镜观察及X射线能谱分析结果显示,硅酸盐、碳酸盐中的金可被有效浸出,浸出渣中的石英、黄铁矿表面发生腐蚀,部分黄铁矿氧化。     

Effects of dopant,temperature, and strain rate on the mechanical properties of micrometer gold-bonding wire

An experimental study on the thermomechanical properties of microelectronic gold-bonding wires was conducted using high-precision, microforce tensile tests. The load-displacement behavior of three types of gold wire (GL-2 type, FA type, and SR type) was carefully recorded for determining the elastic modulus and stress-strain curves. Tests were conducted with miniature specimens at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 250°C and load rates on the order of 1 mm/min and 10 mm/min. The testing results indicated that the tensile strength of all three types of wire decreased with temperature, especially the SR type. The load strain rate has a significant effect on the SR type but little effect on the GL-2 and FA wires. The stress-strain curves from these tests were analyzed to fit into empirical constitutive models that account for the strain, temperature, and strain-rate effects.     

Self‐Assembled In‐Plane Growth of Mg2SiO4 Nanowires on Si Substrates Catalyzed by Au Nanoparticles

In‐plane growth of Mg₂SiO₄ nanowires on Si substrates is achieved by using a vapor transport method with Au nanoparticles as catalyst. The self‐assembly of the as‐grown nanowires shows dependence on the substrate orientation, i.e., they are along one, two, and three particular directions on Si (110), (100), and (111) substrates, respectively. Detailed electron microscopy studies suggest that the Si substrates participate in the formation of Mg₂SiO₄, and the epitaxial growth of the nanowires is confined along the Si <110> directions. This synthesis route is quite reliable, and the dimensions of the Mg₂SiO₄ nanowires can be well controlled by the experiment parameters. Furthermore, using these nanowires, a lithography‐free method is demonstrated to fabricate nanowalls on Si substrates by controlled chemical etching. The Au nanoparticle catalyzed in‐plane epitaxial growth of the Mg₂SiO₄ nanowires hinges on the intimate interactions between substrates, nanoparticles, and nanowires, and our study may help to advance the developments of novel nanomaterials and functional nanodevices.     

基于扩频CDMA的数字盲水印算法

数字水印技术要求所构造的算法，具有很强的鲁棒性（抗攻击能力）。在数字水印技术中引入扩频技术，提高了数字水印的鲁棒性，但同时却使嵌入信息量减小了。丈中在引入CDMA技术，进一步增强鲁棒性，同时也使嵌入的信息量得到了提高。仿真实验表明：所提出的算法具有很强的鲁棒性、透明性，而且误码率较小，在很强的干扰下，仍能提取出水印。     

湖南下寒武统石煤中的镍钼铂族元素的地球化学特征

从岩石学、矿床学、微量元素地球化学、稳定同位素方面对湖南下寒武统石煤中镍、钼、铂族元素为主的伴生元素的来源和富集成因进行了研究研究认为，含矿岩系中发育的硅岩是一种喷流岩；有海底喷流作用直接堆积的金属硫化物筒状富矿体；矿石中各种胶状结构发育；矿床具两套成矿系统；微量元素Ｓｅ，Ａｓ，Ｂａ高地壳丰度数倍至数万倍；矿层中硫同位素值为－１３００％～－１７６１％等证实了湖南下寒武统石煤中以镍、钼、铂族元素为主的伴生元素，其来源和富集并非陆源搬运沉积，而是与海底喷流作用有关