深穿透复合射孔技术在中原油田的应用

深穿透复合射孔是一项把射孔与高能气体压裂两种技术有机地结合在一起的综合改造油气层的新技术。重点对它的技术原理，包括设计原理、枪身内火药燃烧气体对射孔孔眼的冲刷作用原理、火药燃烧气体射流的高能气体压裂作用原理等进行了研究与探讨，同时对它的施工工艺、现场应用等方面进行了阐述，经中原油田189口井现场应用证明，其工艺简便，成本低廉，可实现多层跨隔层使用，处理后增产效果显著，投入产出比高，可代替传统的聚能射孔技术，具有广阔的推广和应用价值。     

The suitability of round clinching tools for high strength structural steel

The use of light gauge steel framing is increasing rapidly. New methods for joining frames are being sought. One of the most promising methods is clinching. Clinching has been used for almost 20 years. There has been much research into the method, the tools, suitable materials and applications. Few articles have been published concerning clinching of high strength structural steels, which are currently the most relevant materials for house construction.This study included 11 different clinching methods. In total, 469 test pieces were produced. Despite the high strength of the materials, all the clinching methods that were examined could be used satisfactorily. The most significant result was that a round tool is appropriate for all the materials tested. In fact, in comparison with results obtained using other types of tool, when the methods were ranked by maximum shear load capacity, the round design appeared in the top three classes seven times out of nine.     

双河油田特高含水后期开发阶段注采结构调整的实践与应用

针对双河油田的注采结构的现状及特征,通过近几年来在注采结构调整方面的实践与应用,总结出了油田在特高含水后期开发阶段,实现油田控水稳油目标的途径和方法,注水结构调整主要是结合地质特点,减少欠注层段,减少和控制不合理超注井层段和改善吸水剖面;在采液结构调整上,控制高含水层段的注入,加强中低渗透层段的注入,封堵高渗透、高水淹干扰层段,解放动用较差的中低渗透层段,改善平面上采出不平衡的状况。通过实施注采结构调整,双河油田在特高含水后期实现了高效开发。     

高压玻璃钢管道的研制及在油田中的应用

本文介绍了高压玻璃钢管道的特性及在我国油田的应用情况。     

用硫酸铁铵容量法测定钛精矿中二氧化钛含量

样品在过氧化钠熔融、水浸取及盐酸酸化后，在盐酸和硫酸介质中，隔绝空气，用金属铝将钛(Ⅳ)还原至钛(Ⅲ)，以硫氰酸盐为指示剂，用硫酸铁铵标准溶液滴定。     

Facile modifications of polyimide via chloromethylation: II. Synthesis and characterization of thermocurable transparent polyimide having methylene acrylate side groups

From chloromethylated polyimide, a useful starting material for modification of aromatic polyimides, a thermocurable transparent polyimide having acrylate side groups was prepared. In the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec‐7‐ene, chloromethylated polyimide was esterified with acrylic acid to synthesize poly(imide methylene acrylate). The polymer was soluble in organic solvent, which makes it possible to prepare a planar film by spin coating. The polymer film became insoluble after thermal treatment at 230 °C for 30 min. Optical transparency of the film at 400 nm (for 1 µm thickness) was higher than 98 % and not affected by further heating at 230 °C for 250 min. Adhesion properties measured by the ASTM D3359‐B method ranged from 4B to 5B. Preliminary results of planarization testing showed a high degree of planarization (DOP) value (>0.53). These properties demonstrate that poly(imide methylene acrylate) could be utilized as a thermocurable transparent material in fabricating display devices such as TFT‐LCD. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

High char‐yielding poly[acrylonitrile‐co‐(itaconic acid)‐co‐(methyl acrylate)]: synthesis and properties

Polyacrylonitrile terpolymers of various compositions consisting of acrylonitrile (AN), itaconic acid (IA) and methyl acrylate (MA) were synthesized by solution polymerization in dimethylsulfoxide. Increase in concentration of either IA or MA retarded the overall polymerization rate and the polymer molecular weight. The system consisting of AN + MA and varying IA concentration was more prone to retardation in comparison with the system composed of AN + IA with variable MA concentration. The retardation factors were quantified. Minor quantities of MA boost the reactivity of IA in the terpolymer system. The terpolymer was richer in MA vis‐à‐vis the feed. The thermal characteristics of the terpolymer were examined as a function of its composition. In contrast to the copolymer of AN and IA requiring 1–1.5 mol% IA, the terpolymer required an IA content of approximately 2.5 mol% for optimum thermal stability. The polymer with 90 mol% AN, 2.5 mol% IA and 7.5 mol% MA exhibited reasonably good char‐forming characteristics and thermal stability. The overall crystallinity and crystallite size of the polymers were found to decrease on incorporation of the comonomers. The ‘aromatization index’ of the copolymer increased with the temperature of pyrolysis through re‐organization of the tetrahydropyridine ladder structure. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of hot-carrier stress on high performance polycrystalline silicon thin film transistor with a single perpendicular grain boundary

This paper is a report on the effect of a single perpendicular grain boundary on the hot-carrier and high current stability in high performance polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin film transistors (TFTs). Under a hot carrier stress condition (Vg = Vth + 1 V, Vd = 12 V), the poly-Si TFT with a single grain boundary is superior to the poly-Si without any grain boundary because of the smaller free carriers available for electric conduction. The shift of transconductance in poly-Si TFT with a single grain boundary is less than 5% after hot carrier stress during a period of 1000 s. The shift of transconductance is about 25% in the case of the poly-Si TFTs without a grain boundary in the channel. On high current stress, the poly-Si TFT without the grain boundary is less degraded than the poly-Si TFT with the grain boundary because the concentrated electric field near the drain junction is lower.     

低压直流供电电路中高压直流的产生

在由低压直流电源供电的电路中,往往电路的某些部位需要使用高于电源所供的电压,将电源所供的低压转换为较高的电压,常用的方法有3种:自举升压、电感升压、逆变升压。结合实际应用电路对各种升压方法从器件选择、升压原理、升压结果等诸方面进行分析、探讨,解决了总体供电电压不变时,局部高压产生的关键性问题。它对电子电器电路的设计人员有一定的启发作用,对优化电路、遴选器件有较强的参考价值。     

Operation of superconducting fault current limiter using vacuum interrupter driven by electromagnetic repulsion force for commutating switch

Using conventional high‐temperature superconducting wire, a model superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is made and tested. Solenoid coil using Bi2223 silver sheath wire is so made that inductance is as small as possible and a vacuum interrupter is connected in series to it. A conventional reactor coil is connected in parallel. When the fault current flows in this equipment, superconducting wire is quenched and current is transferred into the parallel coil because of voltage drop of superconducting wire. This large current in parallel coil actuates magnetic repulsion mechanism of vacuum interrupter. Due to opening of vacuum interrupter, the current in superconducting wire is broken. By using this equipment, current flow time in superconducting wire can be easily minimized. On the other hand, the fault current is also easily limited by large reactance of parallel coil. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(1): 52–61, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20315