井上下综合物探技术在益东煤矿工作面安全开采中的应用（10月增刊）

益东煤矿为了掌握工作面水文地质条件及工作面内冲刷带等地质异常体,探讨出了一套行之有效的工作面井上下综合物探手段：在工作面开采之前采取地面瞬变电磁法对覆岩富水性进行探查,同时根据工作面两巷掘进揭露情况,选择采用槽波、井下瞬变电磁和无线电波透视法对工作面构造、冲刷带异常区和顶板覆岩富水性进行综合探测。探测结果为煤矿的安全生产提供了地质保障并提高了生产效率。     

闽中谢坑矿区水文地质特征及充水因素分析

矿山水文地质特征是矿山设计和开采的重要影响因素之一。依据收集的资料,结合区域地质特征和野外水文地质条件调查分析了谢坑矿区地形地貌条件、水文地质特征及相关的水文地质参数,总结出了矿区水文地质特征类型,并从充水水源、充水通道和充水方式等方面讨论了矿区发生突水的可能性,从而为矿山开采生产过程中防治矿井突水提供了可靠的水文地质依据。     

广西大新县下雷锰矿矿井突水灾害分析及防治对策

介绍了广西大新县下雷锰矿的水文地质特征,分析突水灾害为大气降水对矿井的影响、地下水对矿井的影响和断裂构造对矿井的影响,探讨防治矿井水害的技术手段和方法,为实现矿井建设、生产提供安全保障。     

内蒙巴彦宝力格地区遥感找水应用研究

介绍了内蒙古锡林浩特市胜利煤田露天矿区水文地质普查中运用综合水文地质勘察方法的情况、遥感方案的选择、技术思路,以及利用遥感方法进行区域水文地质调绘所取得的成果,对遥感水文地质的发展提出了作者的看法     

Underground mine stream crossing assessment: A multi-disciplinary approach

Underground mine designs typically try to avoid extraction beneath streams and rivers of any significant size, especially when the overburden rock thickness between the stream bed and the mine is thin.Potential issues with mining beneath streams include excessive groundwater inflow to the mine, weak ground(roof, floor, and pillar) conditions, horizontal stress effects, as well as stream loss and other potential adverse environmental effects. However, there are times when crossing beneath a stream or river is necessary to move into a new area of mineral reserve without creating additional mine access points from the ground surface. Often, stream crossings are completed without thorough assessment, potentially resulting in increased costs, decreased safety, and, in some cases, failure to advance the mine.Selection of the most favorable location(s) to cross the stream must account for numerous factors and the associated assessment often requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Stream crossing investigations often require geological, hydrogeological, geotechnical, and geophysical expertise. Phases of stream crossing investigations include desktop evaluation of maps and aerial photography, stream bed observations, drilling, detailed rock core logging, downhole geophysical surveying, hydraulic conductivity testing(packer testing), geotechnical laboratory testing, assessment, and reporting. The deliverables from a stream crossing assessment typically include geological, geotechnical, and hydrogeological characterization of potential stream crossing locations, classification of favorable and unfavorable crossing locations,recommendations for entry design and pillar sizing, and recommendations for if, and how, to conduct pre-grouting activities. Examples of technical aspects of data collection and assessment are provided based on decades of industry experience conducting stream crossing assessments in various underground mining scenarios.     

DECOVALEX III BMT3/BENCHPAR WP4: The thermo-hydro-mechanical responses to a glacial cycle and their potential implications for deep geological disposal of nuclear fuel waste in a fractured crystalline rock mass

A number of studies related to past and on-going deep repository performance assessments have identified glaciation/deglaciation as major future events in the next few hundred thousand years capable of causing significant impact on the long term performance of the repository system. Benchmark Test 3 (BMT3) of the international DECOVALEX III project has been designed to provide an illustrative example that explores the mechanical and hydraulic response of a fractured crystalline rock mass to a period of glaciation. The primary purpose of this numerical study is to investigate whether transient events associated with a glacial cycle could significantly influence the performance of a deep geological repository in a crystalline Shield setting. A conceptual site-scale (tens of kilometres) hydro-mechanical (HM) model was assembled based primarily on site-specific litho-structural, hydrogeological and geomechanical data from the Whiteshell Research Area in the Canadian Shield, with simplification and generalization. Continental glaciological modelling of the Laurentide ice sheet through the last glacial cycle lasting approximately 100,000 years suggests that this site was glaciated at about 60 ka and between about 22.5 and 11 ka before present with maximum ice sheet thickness reaching 2500 m and maximum basal water pressure head reaching 2000 m. The ice-sheet/drainage model was scaled down to generate spatially and temporally variable hydraulic and mechanical glaciated surface boundary conditions for site-scale subsurface HM modelling and permafrost modelling. Under extreme periglacial conditions permafrost was able to develop down to the assumed 500-m repository horizon. Two- and three-dimensional coupled HM finite-element simulations indicate: during ice-sheet advance there is rapid rise in hydraulic head, high transient hydraulic gradients and high groundwater velocities 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than under nonglacial conditions; surface water recharges deeper than under nonglacial conditions; upon ice-sheet retreat, the gradients reverse; fracture zone network geometry, interconnectivity and hydraulic properties significantly influence flow domain response; residual elevated heads are preserved for 10,000 s in the low-diffusivity rock; and no hydraulic jacking or shear failure occurs at depth. It was found that transient coupled modelling is necessary to capture the essence of glacial effects on Performance Assessment. Model dimensionality also significantly affects simulated results.     

Contrasting Clogging in Granular Media Filters, Soils, and Dead-End Membranes

Clogging in porous media is a problem in environmental engineering, hydrogeology, soil science, and petrology. However, a comparison of the literature reveals qualitatively different clogging behavior in different porous media: in granular media filters, increasing clogging is associated with slower flow, more flocculated conditions, and smaller fractal dimensions. In soils and dead-end membranes, increasing clogging is associated with faster flow, more dispersed conditions, and larger fractal dimensions. This paper documents these differences, discusses them in light of two key intermediate variables, colloid accumulation and deposit morphology, then presents a new conceptual model that explains the reported clogging phenomena as a function of specific deposit, fractal dimension, and a new variable, deposit location. Testing this model is possible using recently introduced experimental techniques.     

A hydrogeophysical investigation of the Ain Mousa area, near Cairo, Egypt

The aim of this study was to determine the depth of the water-bearing strata in the Ain Mousa area and the source of the recharge. Five geophysical profiles were acquired and analyzed at four field stations. The interpretation of the geophysical data indicates that the study area consists of four geological units belonging to the Maadi Formation. The main water flows are through the intersection of two faults trending NW–SE and W–E. The hydrological studies included a hydrochemical analysis which indicated that the water is geologically recent and slightly saline.      

沁水盆地安泽区块煤层气藏水文地质特征及其控气作用

在我国华北地区,煤层气藏的水文地质条件与煤层气的运移、散失、保存、富集等关系密切,但过去很少有学者采取 动态监测地下水特征的方式来分析其对煤层气藏的影响。为此,以山西沁水盆地安泽区块煤层气藏为研究对象,在动态监测煤层气 产出水离子浓度、水质水型及矿化度变化的基础上,结合该区煤层气井开发实际与地下水动力场分布特征,讨论了不同水文地质单 元的产气、产水情况,并利用微量元素检测结果分析了合层排采的井间干扰。最后,结合构造、煤质特征探讨了水文地质条件对煤 层气富集与产出的控制作用。结果表明：①该区主力煤层为下二叠统山西组3 号煤和上石炭统太原组15 号煤,煤层顶底板大部分为 砂岩和泥质砂岩;②煤层气产出水离子浓度和矿化度随排采时间的增加不断降低,水型以NaCl 型和NaHCO₃ 型为主;③将该区划 分为弱径流区、径流区和滞流区3 个水文地质单元,其中径流区产气量最高,滞流区产气量最低,合层排采井受15 号煤的干扰较大。 结论认为：该区煤层气的富集主要受断层及水动力条件的控制, 下一步应加大对煤层气优势富集区的开发力度。     

高放废物处置库甘肃北山预选区水文地质特征方法学研究

总结了 1996年至 2000年开展的甘肃北山地区区域水文地质调查研究成果。研究中从北山地区水文地质、水文地球化学、地下水同位素、腐殖酸调查入手,重点评价了研究区的含水介质特征、水文地球化学及地下水同位素特征。在大量资料综合分析的基础上,综合论述了研究区分区水文地质条件、地下水循环交替特征、地下水动力学和化学特征,并通过地下水流动状态的计算机模拟,水文地球化学以及水-岩-核废物间相互作用的计算机模拟,首次综合评价了北山地区作为我国高放废物处置库场址的可行性。研究成果全面、深刻展示了北山地区弱含水、低渗透、低流速的水文地质特征及偏碱性、高矿化的地下水化学特征,为在该区预选最适宜的高放废物处置库场址提供了评价依据。