汤家坪钼矿环境地质评价

汤家坪钼矿位于河南省商城县南部,查明(332) (333)类钼金属量20多万吨,是大别山北侧首个大型金属矿床.汤家坪钼矿的勘探、开发及科研不仅具有巨大的经济效益和深远的社会意义,而且对大别造山带成矿理论研究具有重要的学术价值,对大别山造山带北侧寻找大型金属矿床具有一定的参考作用.     

The source and heating mechanism for the Ahram, Mirahmad and Garu thermal springs, Zagros Mountains, Iran

The Ahram, Mirahmad and Garu low-temperature geothermal springs in the Zagros Mountains, Boshehr Province, Iran, emerge along the Ghatar-Kazeroon fault. The average temperature of the springs is about 40 °C and the waters have appreciable amounts of dissolved solids and hydrogen sulfide. Based on chemical analyses, including stable isotopes of the thermal waters and data interpretations, and on a comparison with fresh water springs and wells in the study area, we conclude that the hot waters are of meteoric origin. Because of the prevailing geothermal gradient, the waters are heated as they circulate deep in the system through joints, fractures and the Ghatar-Kazeroon fault. During their deep circulation, the waters come into contact with Hormoz Series evaporites and the oilfield brines, resulting in an increase in dissolved ion concentrations.     

紫金山露天金矿边坡地下水渗流场分析

渗流计算的目的在于求得各渗流要素,以在边坡稳定性分析、选择合理排渗或加固方案设计中起到提供基础资料的作用。采用数值计算方法更能符合和满足工程条件和需要。通过分析得到了以下结论：因地下水埋深较深,加之天然地下水流向与坡面反向,边坡靠帮后,在坡面的疏干作用下,边坡为有利于稳定的干边坡;终了计算得出的地下水位线,是根据目前资料而定的,实际地下水位线只能通过有限的工作,建立研究区内的裂隙水水文地质模型得到。     

栖霞山铅锌矿防治水体系的建设

栖霞山铅锌矿目前已开采至-725 m中段,水文地质条件较浅部有一定的变化。为了防止井下出现突水事故,矿山企业从制定防治水制度文件,加强水文地质调查研究,完善水文地质图纸台账,建立能力符合要求的排水系统等多个方面形成了一套较为完善的防治水体系。实际应用证明,该体系对查清水文地质情况,防止矿山发生突水事故发挥了重要作用。     

丹巴燕子沟金矿开发对区域水环境的影响

四川丹巴燕子沟金矿位于川西高原,地处大渡河上游的自然保护区,生态环境脆弱。通过对区域地表水和地下水的环境质量评价,分析了矿山开发对区域水环境的影响。根据水文地质条件,从环境保护角度,对四川丹巴燕子沟金矿开发提出了防污建议,如矿硐的底部应和硐口外的废石堆场设集水沟渠,加强尾矿库的管理,定期监测矿山地表水和地下水的的水量和水质等,以利于资源和环境的可持续发展。     

巴愣矿井水文地质特征及矿井涌水量预测

以巴愣矿井为例,分析了矿井水文地质特征,矿区内共有5个含水层和3个隔水层,水文地质边界有两类:一是断层(北、东、南),二是西边界煤层露头;白垩系下统志丹群含水层,侏罗系中统直罗组含水层,侏罗系中统延安组含水层为直接充水水源;矿井充水通道,主要为煤层采空导致顶板岩层冒落形成的导水裂隙带。采用大井法计算了矿井涌水量,延安组砂岩含水层涌水量438m3/h,志丹群含水层涌水量142 m3/h,合计580 m3/h。其中,延安组含水层涌水量438 m3/h,可作为矿井正常涌水量,两个含水层的合计涌水量580 m3/h,可作为矿井最大涌水量。     

Hydrogeological and isotopic survey of geothermal fields in the Buyuk Menderes graben, Turkey

The main high and low enthalpy geothermal fields in the Buyuk Menderes graben (Western Anatolia) and their reservoir temperatures are as follows: Kizildere (242 °C), Germencik (232 °C), Aydin-Ilicabasi (101 °C), Yılmazkoy (142 °C), Salavatli (171 °C), Soke (26 °C), Denizli -Pamukkale (36 °C), Karahayit (59 °C), Golemezli (101 °C) and Yenice (70 °C). The geothermal systems are controlled by active graben faults. The reservoir rocks in the geothermal fields are the limestone and conglomerate units within Neogene sediments and the marble-quartzite units within Paleozoic metamorphic formations. There are clear δ¹⁸O shifts from the Mediterranean Meteoric Water Line (MMWL) in the Kizildere, Germencik and Aydin fields, where a good relation between high temperatures and δ¹⁸O shift has also been observed, indicating deep circulation and water rock interactions. In the Pamukkale, Karahayit, Golemezli and Yenice fields and in Soke region, low temperatures, small isotope shifts, shallow circulations and mixing with shallow cold water have been noted.     

流量测井方法在抽水试验中的应用

流量测井技术不但能够验证钻孔抽水试验的数据,而且能够利用一次混合抽水试验资料,确定多个含水层的水文地质参数。比单纯的分层抽水有了质的改善,成倍地提高了工作效率,节约了成本。     

Developing a modular hydrogeology ontology by extending the SWEET upper-level ontologies

Upper-level ontologies comprise general concepts and properties which need to be extended to include more diverse and specific domain vocabularies. We present the extension of NASA's Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology (SWEET) ontologies to include part of the hydrogeology domain. We describe a methodology that can be followed by other allied domain experts who intend to adopt the SWEET ontologies in their own discipline. We have maintained the modular design of the SWEET ontologies for maximum extensibility and reusability of our ontology in other fields, to ensure inter-disciplinary knowledge reuse, management, and discovery.The extension of the SWEET ontologies involved identification of the general SWEET concepts (classes) to serve as the super-class of the domain concepts. This was followed by establishing the special inter-relationships between domain concepts (e.g., equivalence for vadose zone and unsaturated zone), and identifying the dependent concepts such as physical properties and units, and their relationship to external concepts. Ontology editing tools such as SWOOP and Protégé were used to analyze and visualize the structure of the existing OWL files. Domain concepts were introduced either as standalone new classes or as subclasses of existing SWEET ontologies. This involved changing the relationships (properties) and/or adding new relationships based on domain theories. In places, in the Owl files, the entire structure of the existing concepts needed to be changed to represent the domain concept more meaningfully. Throughout this process, the orthogonal structure of SWEET ontologies was maintained and the consistency of the concepts was tested using the Racer reasoner. Individuals were added to the new concepts to test the modified ontologies. Our work shows that SWEET ontologies can successfully be extended and reused in any field without losing their modular or reference structure, or disrupting their URI links.