A110－1－H／A110－1型氨合成催化剂在双筐并流合成塔中的使用

在双筐并流氨合成塔中使用了Ａ１１０－１－Ｈ／Ａ１１０－１型氨合成催化剂，使用寿命达１７４０天，累计产氨４３８３７８ｔ．该催化剂组合具有低温活性好、易还原、高催化活性、高抗毒能力、良好的热稳定性与破碎强度等优点．     

Enantiospecific synthesis fromd-fructose of (2S,5R)- and (2R,5R)-2-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane [the odor bouquet minor components ofParavespula vulgaris (L.)]

The synthesis of (2S,5R)-(1) and (2R,5R)-2-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro [4.5]decane (2) from (2RS,5R,8R,9R,10S)-8,9,10-trihydroxy-2-methyl-1, 6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane (8), obtained in five steps fromd-fructose using Wittig's methodology, reduction, and spiroketalation, has been accomplished by a Corey dideoxygenation at C-8,9, followed by a Barton deoxygenation at C-10, of the appropriately protected derivatives.Enantiospecific synthesis of spirocetals. Part V. For Part IV, see Izquierdo et al. (1992).     

Pattern synthesis of time‐modulated conformal arrays by an improved differential evolution algorithm

In this article, an improved differential evolution algorithm (IDE) based on two different colonies is proposed and applied to time‐modulated conformal arrays syntheses. The whole population of IDE is divided into two parts. The one part searches the solution globally while the other searches the neighborhood of the solution provided by the previous one. Benchmark functions are provided to testify IDE. Furthermore, IDE is applied to synthetize sum‐difference patterns with a 1 × 16 elements time‐modulated circular array and low sidelobe level (SLL) patterns with an 8 × 12 elements time‐modulated cone array. After optimization, the sideband level (SBL) of the circular array at the first sideband frequency is ?1.00 dB. The SLL and SBL at the first sideband frequency of the cone array are lower than ?30.00 and ?20.00 dB, respectively. Experiment results verify the superior performance of IDE. Moreover, to accelerate the computation speed, graphics processing unit parallel computing technique is introduced into pattern synthesis and the acceleration ratios of more than 23 times can be achieved. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:697–705, 2014.     

Synthesis of antenna arrays with an efficient multiobjective differential evolution algorithm

An efficient multiobjective differential evolution algorithm for array synthesis is proposed in this article. By introducing novel strategies in the generalized differential evolution (GDE3), the proposed algorithm can generate a better converged and distributed Pareto front than the standard GDE3. Five typical benchmark functions are optimized by the proposed improved GDE3 (IGDE) to verify its effectiveness. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is applied in two‐pattern synthesis problems, including an unequal spaced linear array and a conformal array. The superior performance of the proposed IGDE demonstrates that it is an efficient and competitive algorithm in the function optimization, pattern synthesis, and other electromagnetic problems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:161–169, 2014.     

Simple and economic syntheses of some (Z)-7- and (Z)-9-alkenyl acetates,and of (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate,the sex pheromone of the European grapevine moth,using aleuritic acid as a common starting material

Short syntheses of (Z)-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-7-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate from 7-hydroxyheptanal and 9-oxononanoic acid precursors obtained by oxidative cleavage of easily available aleuritic acid are reported. The key step in these syntheses is a stereoselective Wittig reaction between aldehyde and alkyl-phosphonium salt. Wittig-Horner type reaction of 7-hydroxyheptanal and diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate gave the ,-unsaturated nitrile derivative which after protection of the hydroxyl group was reduced to the corresponding aldehyde. Wittig reaction of the latter, followed by acetylation, completed the synthesis of (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, the sex pheromone of the European grapevine mothLobesia botrana Schiff.     

Enantiospecific synthesis of (R)-1,7-dioxaspiro [5.5]undecane [major component of olive fruit fly (Dacus Oleae) sex pheromone] from d-Fructose

The synthesis of the title compound13 has been carried out through the preparation of its precursor, (3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane (6), obtained fromd-fructose using Wittig's methodology, reduction, and spiroketalation. Compound6 was transformed into13 by a Barton deoxygenation at C-5 followed by a Corey dideoxygenation at C-3,4 of the appropriately protected derivatives.Enantiospecific synthesis of spiroacetals. Part II. For Part I, see Izquierdo and Plaza (1990).     

Preparation of Aluminum Nitride Powder from Aluminum Polynuclear Complexes

AIN powder was synthesized from aluminum polynuclear complexes. Basic aluminum chloride and basic aluminum lactate were used as the aluminum polynuclear complexes. These starting materials and glucose were dissolved in water and mixed homogeneously. AIN powder was obtained by calcining after drying and precalcining at 800°C under nitrogen gas flow. Then excess carbon was removed by firing in air. Nitridation in the system was investigated and compared with that in the alumina–carbon black system. It was found that in our reaction system nitridation began and proceeded at lower calcination temperatures above 1200°C than in the alumina–carbon black system. Using aluminum polynuclear complexes, AIN was synthesized through the nitridation of γ-alumina and produced in a very fine and sharp particle size distribution.     

合成气中氨含量测定方法的改进

用快速测定仪测定气体中的氨含量，采气量为50ml，可准确测出高含量氨体积百分比含量为80%-100%和低含量氨体积百分比含量为1%-20%的样气，该仪器结构简单，易于制造，测定过程简单，结果准确，一目了然。     

Enzymatic esterification of glycerol II. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of regioisomerically pure 1(3)-rac-monoacylglycerols

Regioisomerically pure 1(3)-rac-monoacylglycerols are conveniently prepared in high yields (>75%) and in multigram quantities by enzymatic esterification of glycerol in the presence of various lipases(Chromobacterium viscosum, Rhizopus delemar, Rhizomucor miehei) with a variety of different acyl donors, such as free fatty acids, fatty acid alkyl esters, vinyl esters and triacylglycerols, as well as natural fats and oils. All reactions are carried out in aprotic organic solvents with low water content, namelyn-hexane, diethyl ether, tBuOMe or mixtures of these solvents. Essential for the success of these transformations were the following two factors. First, the creation of an artificial interphase between the solvent-immiscible hydrophilic glycerol and the hydrophobic reaction medium by its adsorption onto a solid support. Second, a facile system for the separation of the desired monoacylglycerol from the reaction mixture, coupled with the continuous recycling of acyl donor and undesirable by-products.     

无拖曳卫星的推进器不确定下鲁棒控制器设计

以低轨环境下无拖曳卫星控制器设计为研究对象,对于给定结构的无拖曳卫星,考虑推进器增益存在不确定时的鲁棒控制器设计。首先,简要介绍无拖曳卫星的概念及原理;之后,对带有不确定性的无拖曳卫星控制系统进行分析与建模,并对其进行LFT不确定性建模,最后利用μ分析和D-K迭代设计出满足鲁棒性能的鲁棒控制器。仿真结果说明鲁棒控制器的有效性。