Modeling and control of discrete event systems using finite state machines with variables and their applications in power grids

Control theories for discrete event systems modeled as finite state machines have been well developed to address various fundamental control issues. However, finite state machine model has long suffered from the problem of state explosion that renders it unsuitable for some practical applications. In an attempt to mitigate the state explosion problem, we propose an efficient representation that appends finite sets of variables to finite state machines in modeling discrete event systems. We also present the control synthesis techniques for such finite state machines with variables (FSMwV). We first present our notion and means of control under this representation. We next present our algorithms for both offline and online synthesis of safety control policies. We then apply these results to the control of electric power grids.     

Enhanced Texture‐Based Terrain Synthesis on Graphics Hardware

Curvilinear features extracted from a 2D user‐sketched feature map have been used successfully to constraint a patch‐based texture synthesis of real landscapes. This map‐based user interface does not give fine control over the height profile of the generated terrain. We propose a new texture‐based terrain synthesis framework controllable by a terrain sketching interface. We enhance the realism of the generated landscapes by using a novel patch merging method that reduces boundary artefacts caused by overlapping terrain patches. A more constrained synthesis process is used to produce landscapes that better match user requirements. The high computational cost of texture synthesis is reduced with a parallel implementation on graphics hardware. Our GPU‐accelerated solution provides a significant speedup depending on the size of the example terrain. We show experimentally that our framework is more successful in generating realistic landscapes than current example‐based terrain synthesis methods. We conclude that texture‐based terrain synthesis combined with sketching provides an excellent solution to the user control and realism challenges of virtual landscape generation.     

大孔径高比表面积介孔硅泡沫的制备和表征

以P123作为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,苯为微乳剂,采用溶胶-凝胶水热合成法制备了大孔径高比表面积介孔硅泡沫材料,采用小角X-射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜以及N2物理吸附等表征手段进行表征,考察了苯的加入量对介孔硅泡沫孔结构的影响。结果表明,苯的引入可以使有序介孔硅的孔结构从SBA-15的二维六方形向介孔硅泡沫的三维泡沫状结构转变,加大苯的含量可以增大介孔硅泡沫的孔径和孔容。当苯与P123的质量比为2.0时为最佳值,此时得到的介孔硅泡沫材料泡沫状结构最规整、比表面积高且孔径孔容较大,其中表面积可达641.3cm2/g,球形孔孔径可以达到43.8nm,孔容2.41cm3/g,过量苯会导致三维泡沫状结构的破坏。     

新型辛内酯奶味香精的合成及结构表征

1-甲基-2-氧代-3,6,7-三氧杂二环[2,2,2]辛烷是一种辛内酯类笼状化合物,具有乳脂味,可作为一种价格便宜的新型奶味香精用于食品中.采用丙酮酸和丙三醇为原料直接合成1-甲基-2-氧代-3,6,7-三氧杂二环[2,2,2]辛烷.以丙酮酸转化率为指标,研究了反应时间、催化剂用量、醇酸物质的量的比和反应温度对其合成的影响,通过液液萃取和重结晶获得其晶体,并采用核磁共振和红外光谱对目标产物进行表征.结果显示在反应时间4 h,催化剂用量为丙三醇和丙酮酸总质量的2.0%,醇酸物质的量的比为4∶1,反应温度为55℃时,丙酮酸转化率达到58%.     

KF/Al2O3的制备、表征及催化合成乙二醇丙烯基醚

采用浸渍法制备KF/Al2O3固体碱催化剂,催化丙烯醇与环氧乙烷（EO）反应合成乙二醇丙烯基醚。考察了催化剂焙烧温度、氟化钾（KF）负载量对催化性能的影响,并采用X-射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）等对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明：KF负载量为30%,焙烧温度为550℃时,催化剂对丙烯醇和EO反应的催化活性最高。KF/Al2O3固体碱催化剂用于催化合成乙二醇丙烯基醚的最佳工艺条件为：反应温度100℃,反应压力为0.20-0.35MPa,催化剂用量为1.5%,n（丙烯醇）∶n（EO）为5∶1,反应时间为2h,EO转化率达97.35%。     

光化学法合成2-羟基咔唑

2-羟基咔唑是一种重要的有机中间体.但其合成方法尚报道不多,且存在制备过程较繁琐,反应步骤较多,收率普遍较低,成本较高等问题.确立了以邻氯苯胺和间苯二酚缩合而得的2-氯-3′-羟基二苯胺为原料,采用光化学方法,分子内环化,得到目标产物2-羟基咔唑.考察了不同光源、反应时间、碱和溶剂等因素对环合反应的影响.得到了在紫外灯照射下,三水合磷酸钾为碱,甲醇为溶剂合成2-羟基咔唑的较优的工艺条件,收率提高为51.6%6.产品经~1H-NMR确认.     

水热法合成条件对氧化锆晶相影响的光谱研究

以硝酸锆为前驱物,用水热法分别合成了纯单斜相、四方相以及四方和单斜混合相的氧化锆纳米粒子.应用XRD、拉曼光谱和TEM探讨了水热过程中前驱体浓度、晶化温度和晶化时间对ZrO2晶粒尺寸和相变的影响.结果表明,水热制备过程中上述合成条件均影响ZrO2晶粒尺寸,其中晶化温度对其影响最大,但是晶化温度对ZrO2的形貌影响不大.延长晶化时间有利于单斜晶相的形成,而且随着晶化时间延长,ZrO2的晶化程度增加.在水热合成过程中采用较低的前驱体浓度、较高晶化温度及延长晶化时间有利于控制合成单斜相ZrO2.     

联苯双酯中间体的合成

为考查联苯双酯中间体2-溴-3,4-亚甲二氧基-5-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯的合成方法,采用先环合后溴代的合成路线．以没食子酸为原料,经甲酯化、甲醚化、二氯甲烷环合和溴代得2-溴-3,4-亚甲二氧基-5-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯,总收率约37％,经IR和^1HNMR确证了结构．此合成工艺具有生产应用价值．     

α-酮酸酯合成研究进展

对α-酮酸酯的不同合成方法进行了总结,归纳为Grignard试剂与草酸衍生物反应、特殊氧化反应、过渡金属催化反应、重排反应以及负碳离子引起的亲核反应等方法,并对每种合成方法涉及的反应机理进行了讨论,评价了各种工艺路线的优缺点,对α-酮酸酯类医药中间体的分子设计与有效合成提供了理论参考。     

配位聚合物{[Cu(C_(10)H_2O_8)(C_3H_4N_2)_2(H_2O)_2][Cu(C_3H_4N_2)_4(H_2O)_2]·2H_2O}_n的合成与晶体结构

利用水热技术合成了配位聚合物{[Cu(C10H2O8)(C3H4N2)2(H2O)2][Cu(C3H4N2)4(H2O)2]22H2O}n(1),用X-射线单晶衍射及元素分析对晶体结构进行了表征.该晶体属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,a=9.995(2),b=10.643(2),c=11.111(2),α=115.52(3)°,β=91.40(3)°,γ=111.69(3)°,V=967.0(3)3,Z=1,F(000)=480,S=1.015,R1=0.040 0,wR2=0.101 2[I>2σ(I)].CCDC:865259