西石门铁矿南区崩落卸压采矿法试验及应用效果

在缓倾斜中厚矿体底板岩性不稳固的条件下，采用有底柱崩落法，由于电耙道大多处于空区边部应力集中的部位，致使堑沟及底部结构巷道破坏严重而使回收率极低，采用无底柱崩落卸压则可有效解决上述难题。本文简要介绍该方法的原理、方案结构、安全措施及应用效果，供借鉴。     

Ni-Mo alloying of nickel surface by alternating pulsed electrolysis using molybdenum(VI) baths

Electrochemical Ni-Mo alloying of the surface of a nickel substrate was investigated using alternating pulsed electrolysis in an aqueous solution containing only molybdate ions (MoO₄²⁻) as a metal ion component. In this electrochemical process, the nickel substrate was slightly dissolved during the anodic pulses, providing nickel ions into the solution in the vicinity of the substrate, while Ni and Mo were both electrodeposited on the substrate surface during the subsequent cathodic pulses. Through the optimization of anodic and cathodic conditions independently based on a set of direct-current electrolysis data, amorphous Ni-Mo alloy layers were found to be formed at the surface of the nickel substrate by the alternating pulsed electrolysis using the MoO₄²⁻ solution of pH 3.0-5.0. The conditions for Ni-Mo alloy formation were discussed in terms of the dissolving regime of ionic species in the electrolytes determined by an equilibrium calculation.     

测井资料在井壁稳定性研究中的应用

井壁稳定性问题是石油钻井工业面临的一个重大课题。利用测井资料研究井壁稳定性是一种有效的方法。文章利用声波、密度测井资料计算了岩石力学参数、岩石强度参数，在此基础上进行了地应力计算、进而确定了地层破裂压力和坍塌压力，预测了安全钻井液密度范围，为钻井设计提供参考，并可指导安全钻井。通过新疆X 201井安全钻井液密度窗口的测井预测值与实钻钻井液密度对比分析，证明利用测井资料评价井壁稳定性的可行性和准确性，具有工程应用价值。     

Caving performance through the integration of microseismic activity and numerical modeling at DOZ-PT Freeport, Indonesia

This article describes an undergoing research at PT Freeport,Indonesia,in which the main goal is to use the microseismic information recorded as a result of mining to analyze cave propagation and stress performance on the actual production and fixed in-frastructure.At the moment,several numerical experiments have been conducted to correlate the mining activity with the microseis-mic events using the data collected during year 2005 and 2006.As a result of the preliminary analysis a micro-and a macrocracking envelop were proposed on the basis of computation of stress behavior at the location of the events.Stresses have been computed us-ing standard elastic continuous boundary element models.The correlation between the average source radius and the stress perform-ance has provided a method to propose a macrocracking criterion.Several techniques have been tested to nucleate the microseismic activity around different geological features.This last attempt was aimed to look at potential overstresses induced over the undercut and extraction level drifts.A method was devised to integrate the microseismicity into a 3-dimensional ride distribution model.This model has shown to be very effective to quantify the overstress induced as a result of computing volumetric microseismieity density.The volumetric microseismic model showed to induce overstress up to 10 MPa over a period of two months.The future work will concentrate on the calibration of the integrated model with actual damage observations made at the current mining infrastructure.     

简易放顶煤工作面瓦斯综合治理技术

不稳定煤层采用单体液压支柱放顶煤开采技术,无疑是一种高效采煤方法。由于工作面采高大、单产高,且底层落煤与顶层放煤同时进行或工序间隔时间短,相应的采煤工作面瓦斯涌出量明显增大,采空区上部和工作面上方顶煤裂隙中易形成瓦斯积聚,从而严重威胁工作面的安全生产。本文通过分析简易放顶煤采煤工作面各生产工艺中瓦斯涌出规律,提出并实施有效的针对性综合瓦斯治理技术措施,实现了工作面的安全生产。     

工作面支架压力分析与3D显示联动特征信息提取

详细介绍了放顶煤工作面支架压力监测系统的设计及数据分析,通过分析得到工作面支架的工作状态,给出工作面各种设备3D显示的联动关系,使调度人员能清晰了解工作面的工作情况.对于提高调度指挥能力具有重要意义,同时也便于对工作面顶板管理进行有效的监管.     

Induced Defensive Response of Myrtle Oak to Foliar Insect Herbivory in Ambient and Elevated Co2

The rising level of atmospheric CO2 has stimulated several recent studies attempting to predict the effects of increased CO2 on ecological communities. However, most of these studies have been conducted in the benign conditions of the laboratory and in the absence of herbivores. In the current study, we utilized large octagonal chambers, which enclosed portions of an intact scrub-oak community to investigate the interactive effects of CO2 and insect herbivory on myrtle oak, Quercus myrtifolia. Specifically, we assessed the effects of ambient and elevated CO2 (2x current concentrations) on percent foliar nitrogen, C:N ratio, total relative foliar tannin content, and the presence of leaf damage caused by leaf mining and leaf chewing insects that feed on myrtle oak. Total foliar N declined and C:N ratios increased significantly in oaks in elevated CO2 chambers. The percentages of leaves damaged by either leafminers or leaf chewers tended to be lower in elevated compared to ambient chambers, but they co-occurred on leaves less than expected, regardless of CO2 treatment. Leaves that had been either mined or chewed exhibited a similar wounding or defensive response; they had an average of 25 and 21% higher protein binding ability, which is correlated with tannin concentration, compared to nondamaged control leaves, respectively. While the protein-binding ability (expressed as total percent tannin) of leaves from elevated CO2 was slightly higher than from leaves grown in ambient chambers, this difference was not significant.     

Effects of large mammalian herbivores and ant symbionts on condensed tannins of Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya

Condensed tannins have been considered to be important inducible defenses against mammalian herbivory. We tested for differences in condensed tannin defenses in Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya over two years among different large mammalian herbivore treatments [total exclusion, antelope only, and megaherbivore (elephants and giraffes) + antelope] and with four different ant symbiont species on the trees. We predicted that (1) condensed tannin concentrations would be lowest in the mammal treatment with the lowest level of herbivory (total exclusion), (2) trees occupied by mutualist ants that protect the trees most aggressively would have lower levels of tannins, and (3) if chemical defense production is costly, there would be a trade-off between tannin concentrations, growth, and mechanical defenses. Mean tannin concentrations increased from total exclusion treatments to wildlife-only treatments to megaherbivore + antelope treatments. In 1997, condensed tannin concentrations were significantly lower in trees occupied by the ant Crematogaster nigriceps, the only ant species that actively removed axillary buds. Contrary to our prediction, trees occupied by ant species that protect the trees more aggressively against mammalian herbivores did not have lower overall levels of condensed tannins. There was no consistent evidence of a trade-off between tannin concentrations and growth rate, but there was a positive correlation between mean thorn length and mean tannin concentrations across species of ant inhabitants and across herbivore treatments in 1997. Contrary to our expectation, trees had higher tannin concentrations in the upper parts of the canopy where there is little herbivory by mammals.     

Numerical simulation of land subsidence and verification of its character for an iron mine using sublevel caving

Combined with a digital bored photography system and in-situ statistics concerning the joints and fissures of both ore-body and surrounding rock,a 2D discrete model was constructed using UDEC.The stress field and displacement field changes of different sublevel stoping systems were also studied.Changes in the overlying rock strata settlement pattern has been analyzed and validated by in-situ monitoring data.The results show that:in the caving process,there exists an obvious delay and jump for the overlying rock strata displacement over time,and a stable arch can be formed in the process of caving,which leads to hidden goafs.Disturbed by the mining activity,a stress increase occurred in both the hanging wall and the foot wall,demonstrating a hump-shaped distribution pattern.From the comparison between simulation results and in-situ monitoring results,land subsidence shows a slow-development,suddenfailure,slow-development cycle pattern,which leads eventually to a stable state.This pattern validates the existence of balanced arch and hidden goafs.     

大倾角综放面防倒防滑防滚矸技术

基于永登集团丰阳煤矿12101综放工作面实际生产条件,采用理论分析与工程实际相结合的方法研究了工作面液压支架倒架、咬架及刮板输送机下滑的原因,分析了大块矸石滚落对工作面设备造成的冲击、卡塞等危害.采用伪斜推进、及时调整支架状态、"上拉下顶"防倒防滑、支架操作阀闭锁、端头支架锚固、及时支护、自上向下单向割煤、自下而上带压擦顶移架、控制采高等技术解决了支架的倒架、咬架和刮板输送机下滑问题;采用防滚矸钢网、全断面防滚矸装置、挡矸帘、柔性挡矸装置、加高挡煤板等技术解决了滚矸的危害.现场实践表明,该套技术保证了工作面的整体稳定性,为大倾角工作面安全生产提供了保障.