惯性矩二次变化变截面梁柱几何非线性分析

为研究考虑剪切变形的变截面梁杆结构几何非线性问题,应用Timoshenko梁理论,采用位移、转角独立插值的方法,获取考虑剪切影响的惯性矩二次变化变截面梁单元的形函数;从严格的虚功增量方程出发,建立同时考虑轴力、剪切、弯曲效应及其耦合项的平面变截面梁柱单元几何非线性增量平衡方程,得到惯性矩二次变化变截面梁单元大位移切线刚度阵;与经典算例进行对比,验证了本文方法的精确性与有效性．     

厌氧生物滤池在生活污水厌氧-好氧组合处理工艺中的应用

摘要：根据农村生活污水的特点及选择处理工艺应考虑的因素,构建了适应分散式生活污水处理要求的“厌氧消化-缺氧-好氧-人工湿地”组合工艺。本文系统阐述了厌氧生物滤池反应单元在“厌氧消化-缺氧-好氧-人工湿地”工艺去除化学需氧量(COD)的作用,着重分析了水力停留时间（HRT）对厌氧生物滤池处理效果、产气效能、运行特性的影响规律。研究结果表明,厌氧生物滤池单元经过65d的中低温驯化后稳定运行,在HRT为72h条件下,厌氧系统污水COD去除率约37.8%。与跌水接触氧化和人工湿地工艺联用后,平均出水COD 39.3mg•L-1,平均去除率为86.2%,满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）中COD项目的一级A标准。     

大型管式加热炉燃烧传热CFD数值模拟

为了研究大型管式加热炉内部流动、传热和传质情况,采用计算流体力学的方法对石化行业中广泛应用的大型加热炉炉膛内部进行了数值模拟,用标准的k-ε湍流模型描述烟气湍流情况,非绝热的简化PDF燃烧模型计算了燃烧情况,离散坐标辐射传热模型对炉膛内辐射传热状况进行模拟。计算结果和工业运行数据吻合较好,模拟计算结果为大型加热炉优化设计提供了理论指导。     

“大运行”体系下调控运行现场培训模式探讨

在电网调度管理工作中,现场培训是一项极其重要但又难以开展的工作。本文分析了“大运行”体系建设对调控运行现场培训的影响以及传统现场培训模式下的不足．结合青岛地区调度工作实际提出一种新的现场培训模式,该模式能够有效提升调控运行人员的业务素质水平,对调控运行人员现场培训工作具有指导意义。     

梁大挠度强迫振动响应的灵敏度分析的新方法

给出了梁大挠度强迫振动响应灵敏度分析的新方法，讨论了灵敏度分析方程中的长期项处理方法，使响应灵敏度得到一个合理的结果。     

A new ‘tailor-made’ methodology for the mechanical behaviour analysis of rubber-like materials: I. Kinematics measurements using a digital speckle extensometry

This paper is the first part of a work devoted to the setting-up of a methodology for the mechanical behaviour characterization of rubber-like materials, using a digital speckle extensometer. We present here the experimental approach, specific to large strain measurements. The proposed method is based on in-plane kinematics measurements using an optical extensometer. The whole two-dimensional field of in-plane displacements is obtained by a digital image processing. We discuss then the correlation calculations and how to achieve the optimal subset matching. Next, we specify how to derive the principal stretch ratios, and the accuracy on these components, issued from a subsequent numerical calibration.Finally, we present experimental data dealing with a carbon black, filled natural rubber, issued from uniaxial traction tests, pure shear tests, and tensile tests performed on double-edge notched tensile specimens.     

A study of the large strain deformation and failure behaviour of mixed biopolymer gels via in situ ESEM

A mixed biopolymer gel, consisting of a protein (gelatin) and polysaccharide (maltodextrin) mixture has been investigated. By controlling the composition it was possible to construct an ‘emulsion-like’ structure, with included spherical particles of one phase (maltodextrin) within a continuous matrix of the second (gelatin). Large strain deformation and failure behaviour of this system has been examined via in situ environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). ESEM has been employed to explore the changes in the structure of the material, whilst allowing the sample to stay hydrated as it was subjected to tensile strain, thereby allowing simultaneous imaging and determination of stress-strain data of the native sample. Ductile behaviour was observed, which has been attributed to the stretching, tearing and fracture of gelatin ligaments and debonding at the interface between the maltodextrin particles and continuous gelatin matrix. Deformation and fracture of the maltodextrin particles during tensile testing was also observed. The interfacial fracture energy of the composite has been calculated following an elastomer composite-debonding model, although there are several limitations to this approach for the mixed gel. It was found in samples tested after different ageing times that the debonding stress and strain was decreasing with ageing leading to a lower interfacial fracture energy. Samples were also tested after successive loading cycles, which resulted in a mechanical strength decrease after each cycle.     

Kinetic Modeling of Large‐Scale Reaction Systems

This review gives a brief account of basic ideas underlying approaches to analysis and modeling of large‐scale reaction systems. The emphasis is on model simplification and mechanism/dimension reduction via heuristic concepts and formal mathematical techniques. Among the key topics discussed are: top‐down and bottom‐up modeling approaches, graph/matrix representation of chemical reactions, mechanistic vs. pathways models, quantitative structure‐reactivity relationships, mathematical reduction of dimensionality, high‐fidelity surrogate models, continuum approximation, lumping of nonlinear kinetics, overall behavior/kinetics of many reactions, effect of pore diffusion, steady state multiplicity and stability. Some common features of dimension reduction methodologies are noted. Areas where further work will be valuable are identified.     

SORPTION DRYING OF SOYBEAN SEEDS WITH SILICA GEL. I. HYDRODYNAMICS OF A FLUIDIZED BED DRYER

ABSTRACT

Fluidization technology has been employed to mix soybean seeds and silica gel particles in aim of sorption drying of particulate agricultural products. The characteristic fluidization velocities, mixing mechanisms and fluidization quality have been studied in a 180 mm I.D. fluidized bed. Two sizes of silica gel particles (SG2 and SG3) were selected, with the mass fractions in the range of 0.33–0.75 to form a static bed with height from 100 to 280 mm (H/D = 0.56–1.56). The results show that the dispersion rate of soybean seeds is increased with addition of either SG2 or SG3, and that the frequency and the span of pressure fluctuations within the bed are increased. It is inferred that the gas–solids contacting is improved with addition of small particles in the bed of large particles. In addition, for practical design and operation of such a fluidized bed of binary mixtures, empirical correlations for characteristic fluidization velocities were developed with a wide application.     

Replication of plastic thin film by microfeature mould in large area hot embossing

Abstract

This study determines the replication property and surface roughness of microfeatures of a Ni mould that combines electroforming and large area hot embossing. The metal mould first uses a 4 in. silicon wafer to fabricate a master using the UV-LIGA method, and then applies the sputtering method to sputter the copper element as the seed layer on the surface of the master. The electroforming method is used to manufacture the Ni mould insert from the master with the seed layer. Finally, this study uses thin film of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material to replicate the microfeatures of Ni mould insert by large area hot embossing. This study shows the replication properties and surface roughness of different microfeature shapes and sizes for the Ni mould insert and moulded PMMA on large area hot embossing. Experimental results show the average error in height of the microfeature is 0·61 μm for the Ni mould insert and moulded PMMA. The average error in surface roughness of the microfeature is 1·63 nm for the Ni mould insert and moulded PMMA. Experimental results show the good replication and surface roughness of moulded PMMA are replicated from the Ni mould insert by large area hot embossing.