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71.
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation undertaken to evaluate different purging solutions to enhance the removal of multiple heavy metals, particularly chromium, nickel, and cadmium, from a low buffering clay, specifically kaolin, during electrokinetic remediation. Experiments were conducted on kaolin spiked with Cr(VI), Ni(II), and Cd(II) in concentrations of 1,000, 500, and 250 mg/kg, respectively, which simulate typical electroplating waste contamination. A total of five different tests were performed to investigate the effect of different electrode purging solutions on the electrokinetic remedial efficiency. A constant DC voltage gradient of 1 V/cm was applied for all the tests. The removal of heavy metals from the soil using tap water as the purging solution was very low. When 1 M acetic acid was used as the purging solution in the cathode, the removal of chromium, nickel, and cadmium was increased to 20, 19, and 13%, respectively. Using 0.1 M ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid as the purging solution in the cathode, 83% of the initial Cr was removed; however, the nickel and cadmium removal was very low. A sequentially enhanced electrokinetic remediation approach involving the use of water as a purging solution at both the anode and cathode initially, followed by the use of acetic acid as the cathode purging solution and a NaOH alkaline solution as the anode purging solution was tested. This sequential approach resulted in a maximum removal of chromium, nickel, and cadmium of 68–71, 71–73, and 87–94%, respectively. This study shows that the sequential use of appropriate electrode purging solutions, rather than a single electrode purging solution, is necessary to remediate multiple heavy metals in soils using electrokinetics. 相似文献
72.
73.
The effects of boiling Aqua Regia (AQ), N2/Cl2 plasma followed by AQ and O2 plasma followed by AQ surface treatments prior to Ni/Au (20 nm/20 nm) metallization to p-GaN:Mg (∼ 3 × 1017 cm− 3) have been investigated. N2/Cl2 plasma was employed in a bid to lower the Ga/N and O/Ga ratios of the GaN surface to improve the contact properties to p-GaN, while O2 plasma was employed as an alternative to incorporate O into the Ni/Au system. Results show that a low Ga/N ratio does not necessarily correspond to a better contact. The positive effect of O2 over N2 anneal is observed only for the AQ-treated sample, although the mechanisms responsible for its positive effect: NiO formation and Ni/Au layer-reversal were observed for all O2-annealed contacts. We conclude that the effect of O2 anneal on the Ni/Au contact is dependant on the p-GaN surface prior to metallization. 相似文献
74.
This paper highlighted the use of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate the changes on the surface composition of high-sulfur coal and pyrite before and after ultrasonic conditioning. The results showed that ultrasonic conditioning resulted in a decrease in the contents of iron and sulfur in coal, an increase in the content of element carbon, and an increase in the purity of the coal. Conversely, ultrasonic conditioning led to an increase in the content of iron and sulfur in pyrite, a decrease in the impure content of calcium, and a relative increase in the purity of the pyrite after ultrasonic conditioning. This study verified that on the one hand, ultrasonic conditioning can promote the pyrite separation from the high-sulfur coal, with the separated pyrite taking the form of FeS; on the other hand, it can produce a cleaning effect on the surface of coal and pyrite with the consequent increase both in hydrophobicity of coal and hydrophilicity of pyrite. The paper introduced ultrasonic pre-treatment of the slurry and stepped froth removal tests of high-sulfur coal and the study on the yield, ash and sulfur content of clean coal in different phases. The results gave further evidence of the increases both in the rate and the selectivity of flotation. This study shows that ultrasonic conditioning can enhance the performance of de-sulphurization of high-sulfur coal flotation. 相似文献
75.
The effect of hydrogen heat treatment on impurity contents in aluminum nitride powder of different fineness is studied. Thermodynamic calculations are provided pointing to the possibility of forming gaseous hydrogen compounds with impurity elements. It is established that as a result of treatment the contents of impurity elements, i.e. oxygen, carbon, sulfur, are reduced by a factor of 3-13. The optimum hydrogen heat treatment regime is determined: a temperature of 1323 K and an exposure time of 30 min. 相似文献
76.
Capital cost correlations are given for oil-water separators, equalization basins, primary clarifiers, clarifiers and clarifier mechanisms, reverse osmosis unit, ultrafiltration units, gravity filters and miroscreens. Data are included for raw sewage, intermediate and recirculation pumping stations and for preliminary treatment (or bar screens, grit removal, overflow and bypass chamber and Parshall flume), for grit removal, comminution and gas stripping. The correlations are accurate to ± 30%, expressed in Canadian dollars and adjusted to a Marshall and Swift value of 1000. Details as to what components are included in the cost are given. Data are given for the labour and material costs to create a working process module. For inflation indices, a critique of the Engineering News Record, EPA small city, Marshall and Swift, Chemical Engineering and Southam inflation indices suggested that the Marshall and Swift index is most appropriate for the construction and process equipment studied here. Concerning the currency exchange, for the equipment and processes in this study, equipment costs the same whether expressed directly in US or Canadian dollars. To put the current data into perspective, several hundred sources of cost data were analyzed. The major correlations are compared, on a consistent basis, with current data. 相似文献
77.
文章概要论述了一种新型民用炸药-含过期火药粉状工业炸药在配方、制造工艺等方面所进行的实验研究。结果表明,该炸药性能良好、制造技术安全可靠,值得推广。 相似文献
78.
A statistical study of the particle shape and size of pure V2O5 and TiO2, and samples of coprecipitated V2O5---TiO2 catalysts with different V/Ti ratios, has been performed. They were also characterized by XRD, EDAX, SEM and XPS. The results showed that pure vanadium pentoxide is compose by large square or needle-shaped particles, while pure titanium dioxide has small and rounded ones. VTiO samples presented an area and shape, depending on the V/Ti ratio.
These results and the spectroscopical characterization conducted to a particle model of the catalysts. Those VOTi samples with high V/Ti ratio would have large V2O5 crystals acting as support of a V/TiO2 solid solution. In contrast, those samples with a low V/Ti ratio, would have the solid solution supporting vanadium pentoxide crystals. 相似文献
79.
通过力学性能评估和金相组织观察,研究五种热处理制度,两个周期的试验结果,确定了K418B合金细晶铸造整体涡轮的真空热处理工艺。 相似文献
80.
制备了大面积硅锂漂移探测器,其性能为:探测器的灵敏面积123.6 cm~2;灵敏层深度2 mm;在室温和300 V反向偏压的工作条件下漏电流小于20 μA;对~(241)Am 5.486 MeV α粒子的能量分辨(FWHM)为77.67 keV。 相似文献