Decolorization of methylene blue by heterogeneous Fenton reaction using Fe3−xTixO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.78) at neutral pH values

In this work, a series of Fe_3−xTi_xO₄ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.78) was synthesized using a new soft chemical method. The synthetic Fe_3−xTi_xO₄ were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Mössbauer spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DSC) analyses. The results showed that they were spinel structures and Ti was introduced into their structures.Then, decolorization of methylene blue (MB) by Fe_3−xTi_xO₄ in the presence of H₂O₂ at neutral pH values was studied using UV–vis spectra, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and element C analyses. Furthermore, the degradation products remained in reaction solution after the decolorization were identified using ionic chromatography (IC), ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR), liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Although small amounts of MB were mineralized, the aromatic rings in MB were destroyed completely after the decolorization. Decolorization of MB by Fe_3−xTi_xO₄ in the presence of H₂O₂ was promoted remarkably with the increase of Ti content in Fe_3−xTi_xO₄ due to the enhancement of both adsorption and degradation of MB on Fe_3−xTi_xO₄.     

Photodegradation of tetrahalobisphenol-A (X = Cl, Br) flame retardants and delineation of factors affecting the process

The photoassisted degradation (HPLC-UV absorption), dehalogenation (HPLC-IC) and mineralization (TOC decay) of the flame retardants tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) and tetrachlorobisphenol-A (TCBPA) were examined in UV-irradiated alkaline aqueous TiO₂ dispersions (pH 12), and for comparison the parent bisphenol-A (BPA, an endocrine disruptor) in pH 4–12 aqueous media to assess which factor impact most on the photodegradative process. Complete degradation (2.7–2.8 × 10⁻² min⁻¹) and dehalogenation (1.8 × 10⁻² min⁻¹) of TBBPA and TCBPA occurred within 2 h of UV irradiation, whereas only 45–60% mineralization (2.3–2.7 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹) was complete within 5 h for the flame retardants at pH 12 and ca. 80% for the parent BPA. Factors examined in the pH range 4–12 that impact the degradation of BPA were the point of zero charge of TiO₂ particles (pH_pzc; electrophoretic method), particle or aggregate sizes of TiO₂ (light scattering), and the relative number of OH radicals (as DMPO–OH adducts; ESR spectroscopy) produced in the UV-irradiated dispersion. Dynamics of BPA degradation (2.0–2.4 × 10⁻² min⁻¹) were pH-independent and independent of particle/aggregate size, but did correlate with the number of OH radicals, at least at pHs 4 to 8–9, after which the rates decreased somewhat at pH > 9 with decreasing adsorption owing to Coulombic repulsive forces between the very negative TiO₂ surface and the anionic forms of BPA (pK_as ca. 9.6–11.3), even though the number of OH radicals continued to increase at the higher pHs.     

Phase and microstructure evolution of Sc2O3–CeO2 –ZrO2ceramics in Na2SO4 + V2O5 molten salts

In this study, the destabilization resistance of Sc₂O₃ and CeO₂ co-stabilized ZrO₂ (SCZ) ceramics was tested in Na₂SO₄ + V₂O₅ molten salts at 750°C–1100 °C. The phase structure and microstructure evolution of the samples during the hot corrosion testing were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results showed that the destabilization of SCZ ceramics at 750 °C was the result of the chemical reaction with V₂O₅ to produce m-ZrO₂ and CeVO₄, and little ScVO₄ was detected in the Sc₂O₃-rich SCZ ceramics. The primary corrosion products at 900 °C and 1100 °C were CeO₂ and m-ZrO₂ due to the mineralization effect. The Sc₂O₃-rich SCZ ceramics exhibited excellent degradation resistance and phase stability owing to the enhanced bond strength and the decreased size misfit between Zr⁴⁺ and Sc³⁺. The destabilization mechanism of SCZ ceramic under hot corrosion was also discussed.     

甘肃阳山金矿带泥山矿段508号脉成矿作用浅析

阳山金矿泥山矿段与花岗岩类有关的金矿化是该矿段重要的金矿化类型,通过对斜长花岗斑岩脉及其矿体的研究,探讨此类金矿的基本特征,得出该矿化类型受控于燕山期花岗岩体。区内岩体的分布与构造关系密切,并受断裂的控制,岩脉走向呈近EW向,产出规模一般较小,多呈脉状产出,少量为岩株。岩石类型为中酸性岩,岩性主要为斜长花岗斑岩。通过对斜长花岗斑岩脉的矿化蚀变特征及含金性进行分析研究,认为泥山矿段508号脉成矿过程为含矿物质迁移、富集过程。     

晋蒙地体集宁群金红石成矿规律研究

根据晋蒙地体集宁群上部孔兹岩系和下部麻粒岩系的不整合构造接触,将本区划分为4个构造单元。通过对集宁群岩石学特征的分析及变质原岩的恢复,分析出其沉积环境具有差异。同时依据麻粒岩系形成于晚太古代而孔兹岩系形成于早元古代,对金红石的形成过程进行反演,推断其第一次主成矿期为阜平期,含矿岩层为集宁群下部麻粒岩系,右所堡组含石墨黑云角闪片麻岩。后经吕梁期地层重熔成矿物质迁移,最终在集宁群上部孔兹岩系下白窑组下段富集成矿,矿石岩性为含夕线石榴二长浅粒岩。     

红石泉铀矿床矿化特征及成因类型探讨

红石泉铀矿床位于古元古代基底褶皱带内侵入到龙首山群上部地层中的伟晶状钾质花岗岩中,矿床中铀的存在形式主要为晶质铀矿,其次为沥青铀矿、残余铀黑。通过化学全分析及相关矩阵分析得出,与铀正相关性较大的有P2O5、TiO2、MgO、Fe2O3、MnO、T失。采用三阶段规模式方法得出成矿年代复相关系数为0．9999,表明成矿与成岩时代接近,属于吕梁运动时期产物。黑云母化阶段是主要的矿化阶段,黑云母中能见到附生锆石包裹体及流线状的包裹体,结合成岩阶段（混合岩化主期）和黑云母化以后的矿化阶段,矿床成因应为与混合岩化有关的多阶段交代热液矿床,从矿床的形成过程可以看出,铀的来源主要由深部熔浆和钾硅质溶液带来。     

Solar photocatalytic degradation of real textile effluents by associated titanium dioxide and hydrogen peroxide

The present work investigated the photodegradation of real textile effluents by advanced oxidative process (AOP) using TiO₂/H₂O₂/sunlight system. The procedures were carried out at ambient conditions in March 2005. The results were evaluated by COD reduction concomitant to the increase in inorganic ion concentration (mineralization) and the analysis of the effluent characteristic spectral wavelengths: 228, 254, and 284 nm (simple aromatic compounds), 310 nm (conjugated aromatic compounds), and 390, 450, and 530 (color). As this study is not restricted to the decolorization process, it allows a more reliable evaluation of effluent mineralization. The results indicate that solar radiation is as efficient as or even more efficient than artificial radiation was in previous studies and that it also allows a reduction in effluent treatment operational costs.     

GROSS ALPHA DETERMINATION IN URINE

A short review is given for the determination of gross alpha activity in urine;detailed information is collected including urine mineralization,separation of alpha emitters and source preparation.     

An efficient methodology for utilization of K-feldspar and phosphogypsum with reduced energy consumption and CO2 emissions

The issues of reducing CO2 emissions, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources, and dealing with industrial waste offer challenges for sustainable development in energy and the environment. We propose an efficient methodology via the co-reaction of K-feldspar and phosphogypsum for the extraction of soluble potassium salts and recovery of SO2 with reduced CO2 emission and energy consumption. The results of characterization and reactivity evaluation indicated that the partial melting of K-feldspar and phosphogypsum in the high-temperature co-reaction significantly facilitated the reduction of phosphogypsum to SO2 and the exchange of K+(K-feldspar) with Ca2+(CaSO4 in phosphogypsum). The reaction parameters were systematical y investigat-ed with the highest sulfur recovery ratio of~60%and K extraction ratio of~87.7%. This novel methodology possesses an energy consumption reduction of~28%and CO2 emission reduction of~55%comparing with the present typical commercial technologies for utilization of K-feldspar and the treatment of phosphogypsum.     

火山岩型铀矿中基性岩与铀成矿作用研究

传统地球化学理论认为火山岩型铀矿的热液铀矿床中的铀都是通过氧化溶液搬运的,并由六价还原成四价而沉淀成矿;或者是是碱交代作用形成的。但大量的文献表明,铀的成矿不仅与火山岩和次火山岩有关,还与深源的中基性岩有关。