A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF THE CVD DIAMOND FILM

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等温圆柱型空腔表面辐射传递方向分布特性

用蒙特卡罗法计算了圆柱型空腔底面与管内壁面单元之间的辐射传递系数,研究了底面为黑体表面、管内壁面为等温灰体、漫发射、漫反射时,管内壁发射率、管长与半径比的变化对管口表面定向发射率的影响,结果表明:管长与半径比增加,管口表面定向发射率极值点向小角度的天顶角方向移动,管长与半径比超过30,管口表面最大定向发射率对应天顶角<2°;管内壁发射率为变量时,距离管出口1倍管内直径处的发射率对管口表面最大定向发射率的影响较大;管内壁的发射率越小,管口表面定向辐射集中特性越好.     

HgCdTe红外焦平面阵列像素内灵敏度函数仿真

对于<2的欠采样成像红外搜索和追踪系统,点目标能量集中在单像素内。由于焦平面阵列像素内灵敏度（IPS：Intra-Pixel Sensitivity）存在空间非均匀性,会降低目标的能量和质心测量精度。传统的光点扫描实验测试和数值仿真方法可有效表征和分析IPS,但系统和模型复杂度高、效率低,且实验测试无法分析IPS空间非均匀性与探测器参数的关系。针对上述问题,提出基于蒙特卡洛方法的HgCdTe红外焦平面阵列IPS仿真模型,分析了IPS空间非均匀性的影响因素。结果表明,减小像素中心距或增大吸收层厚度,IPS的空间非均匀性减小;随波长增大,IPS的空间非均匀性增大。该仿真和分析对高能量集中点目标测量精度的提升具有重要参考意义。     

基于复杂接续面的蒙特卡罗接续计算方法研究

为了提高大型复杂问题的计算效率,提出一种适用于具有多个空间区域表面与复杂曲面型表面结构体的蒙特卡罗接续计算方法。该方法以结构体外边界面作为接续面源进行接续计算,将写源过程的计算结果与接续过程的计算结果之和作为计算的最终结果;该方法通过一次写源计算与多次接续计算,避免直接计算过程中对相同结构的重复计算,大大提升了计算效率。以MCNP程序建立典型反应堆结构计算模型,以该接续计算方法进行4种结构方案的计算,并与直接计算方法的计算结果进行对比。结果表明,该接续计算方法的计算结果与直接计算的计算结果一致,且使用该方法比直接计算方法在效率上取得了约3倍的提升效果。因此,本研究提出的蒙特卡罗接续计算方法对于涉及大量重复计算的大型复杂问题可以取得显著的效率提升。     

基于离散傅里叶变换矩阵的概率最优潮流计算方法

随着大规模可再生能源并网,不确定性源增多,现代电力系统规模扩大,导致其电力系统概率最优潮流计算更加耗时。其中,网络规模变大将导致单次确定性最优潮流的求解变得更为复杂,而另一方面不确定源变多的潜在后果是必须增加确定性最优潮流的求解次数才能保证输出结果的精确性。针对上述问题,引入离散傅里叶变换法(Discrete Fourier transformation matrix,DFTM)对概率最优潮流进行分析与计算,并对其样本点的选取策略进行了深入分析。DFTM法采点数量灵活,同时可以精确地处理具有相关性的随机变量,能够较好地兼顾目前概率最优潮流计算中的精度与速度问题。最后基于改进的IEEE 118节点算例,以传统蒙特卡洛模拟法的结果作为参考,验证了DFTM法在非对称分布变量所占比例不同场景下的概率最优潮流计算精度与速度优势。并通过与无迹变换法进行对比,进一步展现了DFTM法的优越性能。     

Uncertainty analysis and robust control of fuel delivery systems considering nitrogen crossover phenomenon

In this paper, the fuel delivery subsystem (FDS) with hydrogen recirculation and anode bleeding is applied in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, which is utilized to supply hydrogen to the anode of stack and recirculate fuel back to the supply line. As the diffusion of nitrogen from cathode to anode is inevitable in a real PEMFC during long-term operation. To prevent system performance decline due to nitrogen accumulation. Therefore, this paper firstly develops a control-oriented nonlinear dynamic FDS model involving gas diffusion. Additionally, the FDS is very sensitive to operating environment, uncontrolled operation conditions may cause stack degradation. Specifically, a method based on Monte Carlo simulation is proposed to identify the key parameter boundaries. Then the gas distribution in FDS due to nitrogen crossover is analyzed in detail. After this, a hybrid robust methodology based on sliding mode algorithm is also proposed to maintain adequate hydrogen pressure supply, suitable hydrogen and nitrogen content in the system in presence of nitrogen crossover and renewed uncertainties. Finally, the performance of the presented controller is compared with nonlinear PID (NPID) control and nonlinear multi-input-multi-output (NMIMO) control through a hardware-in-the-loop test bench. Experimental results show that the hybrid controller is accurate and suitable for control purpose, the nitrogen content is restricted to the given range and the variation of output voltage is limited to the desired boundaries, the feasibility and effectiveness are validated.     

多因素耦合作用下地下厂房施工进度风险分析及其应用

为深入分析地下厂房施工进度风险因素之间的耦合作用及耦合效应,采用WBS-RBS法识别了影响施工进度的人、物、环境、管理4类风险因素,基于系统动力学方法揭示了同质单因素和异质双-多因素耦合关系,在此基础上建立了同质单因素耦合度模型和异质双-多因素N-K模型,运用蒙特卡罗法模拟了各风险因素对进度影响的概率分布,分析耦合强度。工程实例应用表明,各类风险子系统中存在较大的同质单因素耦合风险,应加强针对性预防和控制;异质双-多因素耦合中,有管理因素参与耦合的风险较大,实际施工中应尽可能减少多因素参与耦合。     

CFETR氦冷陶瓷增殖包层中子学分析

为满足中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)包层的应用要求,本文提出氦冷陶瓷增殖(HCCB)包层方案。为验证HCCB包层设计方案的合理性与可行性,采用三维蒙特卡罗粒子输运程序MCNP,计算和分析了HCCB包层方案的氚增殖比、中子壁负载、中子通量密度、核热、辐照损伤等中子学特性。结果表明,HCCB包层方案满足氚自持要求,中子通量密度和核热分布合理,屏蔽性能良好,基本满足设计要求。     

Impact of heliostat curvature on optical performance of Linear Fresnel solar concentrators

The present paper gives a numerical investigation of the effect of mirror curvature on optical performance of a Linear Fresnel Reflector solar field installed recently in Morocco. The objective is to highlight and discuss the effect of mirror curvature on the flux density distribution over the receiver and the system optical efficiency. For this purpose, a Monte Carlo-ray tracing simulation tool is developed and used to optimize the optical design taking into account the curvature degree of the heliostat field. In order to assess the accuracy of the numerical code developed and the validity of simulation results, a set of verification tests were developed and detailed within this article. Then, the optical performance of the system is evaluated as a function of mirror curvature and receiver height. The major challenge of this study is to find a trade-off between heliostat curvature and receiver height since lower and smaller receivers may reduce the system cost. It has been found that the flux distribution over the receiver and the optical efficiency of the system are relatively sensitive to the mirror curvature. We have demonstrated quantitatively how the use of curved mirrors can enhance the optical performance and reduce the required receiver size.