随机裂隙网络储层与井筒热流耦合数值模拟

增强型地热系统(Enhanced Geothermal System,EGS)的渗流传热通道主要由注采井井筒与随机裂隙网络储层两大部分组成,过去对裂隙网络储层进行热流耦合模拟研究大多数都忽视了井筒壁的换热,导致模拟结果的准确性欠佳。为了更准确地评价EGS出力、寿命等性能指标,开展了井筒—随机裂隙网络储层热流耦合数值模拟研究,基于商业有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics对井筒与储层的渗流场、温度场进行耦合求解,分析了影响EGS采出温度与热开采速率的各项要素。研究结果表明:(1)注、采井的开孔长度(L_0)对EGS的产能与寿命具有重要影响,400 m为最佳开孔长度,其EGS具有最佳出力与寿命;(2)在井筒壁上加保温材料可以有效提高开采初、前期的采出温度,减少热损失,提高开采速率;(3)随着开采的进行,注入井周围出现明显的低温区,并沿裂隙通道向采出井方向推移,这将导致系统达到开采寿命而衰竭,应停止开采一段时间后再进行热能开采;(4)裂隙渗透率、裂隙宽度等参数对开采速率的影响都呈现正相关性,参数值增大会提高开采速率、缩短开采年限。结论认为,井筒壁的换热对于EGS出力与寿命的综合评价具有重要的意义,考虑井筒壁热损失的井筒—热储耦合模拟能够实现对EGS的完整性评价。     

超导电路与体声波谐振器组成的量子iSWAP门方案

高保真度量子门的物理实现是量子计算和量子通信的关键技术之一。根据电路量子声动力学和量子电动力学,提出了由两个具有较长相干时间的超导transmon qubit和一个具有高机械品质因数的薄膜体声波谐振器组成的量子门方案,体声波谐振器起到类似微波光子通道的作用,使两个transmon qubit之间实现量子态交互。该文先用Butterworth van Dyke模型分析体声波谐振器在方案中的等效电路,构建系统的量子化哈密顿量,再用二能级原子 声子混合量子态形式编码系统的量子态,通过调节外磁场来调控系统的输入态,系统的输出态可通过测量模块得到。在Jaynes Cummings模型下,该系统能完成具有高保真度的量子相位交换（iSWAP）门操作。     

软脆铌酸锂晶体磨削的实验仿真研究

针对铌酸锂晶片在磨削加工时经常发生断裂的问题,对晶片断裂的原因进行了理论分析,并从晶体学的角度分析发现断裂与实验采用的晶片晶体结构有关。提出了基于多物理场耦合软件COMSOL Multiphysics对铌酸锂晶片磨削加工仿真的方法,为模拟铌酸锂晶片磨削减薄过程,对比分析了7种不同厚度的铌酸锂晶片在磨削加工时的应力分布和变形情况,对有外加电载荷磨削加工情况也进行了耦合仿真。研究结果表明,未施加电场时铌酸锂晶片的变形量随着晶片减薄过程逐渐减小,当铌酸锂晶片减薄至80μm时,晶片的外围出现均匀分布的4个应力集中位置,容易导致晶片产生裂纹甚至破裂;铌酸锂晶片变形量因外加电载荷而减小,因此合理施加外电场能够有效减弱晶片的应力集中趋势。     

Investigation of thermal residual stresses during laser ablation of tantalum carbide coated graphite substrates using micro-Raman spectroscopy and COMSOL multiphysics

Laser ablation of high-temperature ceramic coatings results in thermal residual stresses due to which the coatings fail by cracking and debonding. Hence, the measurement of such residual stresses during laser ablation process holds utmost importance from the view of performance of coatings in extreme conditions. The present research aims at investigating the effect of laser parameters such as laser pulse energy, scanning speed and line spacing on thermal residual stresses induced in tantalum carbide-coated graphite substrates. Residual stresses were measured using micro-Raman spectroscopy and correlated with Raman peak shifts. Transient thermal analysis was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics to model the single ablated track and residual stresses were reported at low, moderate and high pulse energy regimes. The results showed that the initial laser conditions caused higher tensile residual stresses. Moderate pulse energy regime comprised higher compressive residual stresses due to off centre overlapping of the laser pulses. Higher pulse energy (250 μJ), higher scanning speed (1000 mm/s) and moderate line spacing (20 μm) caused accumulation of tensile residual stresses during the final stage of laser ablation. The deviation of experimental residual stresses from COMSOL numerical model was attributed to unaccounted additional stresses induced during thermal spraying process and deformation potentials in the numerical model.     

Multiphysics phase-field modeling of quasi-static cracking in urania ceramic nuclear fuel

This work presents phase-field modeling of quasi-static cracking in urania (UO₂) ceramic nuclear fuel under neutron radiation at high temperatures. Considering the tightly coupled multi-physics processes within the fuel during reactor power operation, a diffusion model including Fickian and Soret effects is used to describe the oxygen hyper-stoichiometry (x in UO_2+x), and the temperature field is given by a thermal model involving non-uniform fission-generated heat source and heat flow across fuel pellet, pellet-cladding gap and cladding to the outside heat sink. Both temperature and irradiation effects are taken into account for the basic thermo-mechanical properties and irradiation behaviors of the nuclear fuel. Especially, the acceleration of fuel thermal creep by oxygen hyper-stoichiometry is included. The fracture due to the above physical processes is approximated by a scalar phase-field variable based upon a cohesive phase-field fracture method. A granite fracture experiment is simulated to validate the thermo-fracture coupling approach. For the first time, the diffusion-thermo-mechanical-fracture coupling model is applied to UO₂ fuel pellet cracking during reactor startup, power ramp and reactor shutdown. UO₂ creep is found to play an important role on the fuel pellet fragmentation. The developed capability supports interpretation of experimental data and can guide material design of ceramic nuclear fuels.     

盐渍土氯离子在混凝土中运移的耦合模型研究

通过Comsol Multiphysics模拟了盐渍土氯离子在混凝土内的运移机制。基于Fick第二定律,研究了考虑电迁移场作用、结合作用以及毛细作用的氯离子运移规律。研究表明:结合作用阻碍氯离子向混凝土内部运移,电势场和毛细作用促进氯离子向混凝土内部运移;随着氯离子向混凝土内运移,结合作用逐渐减小,初期的电场作用先增加后减小;随时间增加,结合作用与电场迁移作用减小;毛细作用仅在离子侵入初期约1.5 h内影响明显。在结构寿命期内忽略毛细作用,建立综合扩散、电场迁移及结合作用的耦合模型,预测了混凝土结构寿命,模型得到了较好的验证。     

基于MATLAB的非结构网格生成器和浅水问题的数值模拟

非结构三角网格能够很好地适应复杂及不规则边界.本文就此引入了一种操作简单、快捷且高效的非结构三角形网格生成器.有着开发快速,设计简化等优点的MATLAB已成为首选的一种技术性计算机编程语言.借助于MATLAB中的COMSOL Multiphysics软件包,该网格生成器在MATLAB环境下得以很好地实现.利用非结构网格下的有限体积法对几个经典的水动力学问题进行模拟,进一步验证了该网格生成器的高效与灵活.     

单汽泡沸腾过程数值模拟的研究

利用Comsol Multiphysics软件中的Level Set方法对单汽泡沸腾过程进行了模拟,建立了微细结构网格,给出了边界条件,求解了质量、动量、能量和Level Set方程,得到了正确的模拟结果。分析了单汽泡沸腾过程中相含率、压力场、速度场和温度场随时间的变化规律;考察了接触角和壁面效应对汽泡脱离直径和汽泡生长周期的影响。模拟结果表明,当接触角小于12°时,汽泡脱离直径维持不变;当接触角大于12°时,接触角越大,汽泡脱离直径越大。汽泡生长周期随接触角的增大而延长。当加热装置的直径小于汽泡脱离直径时,汽泡受壁面效应的影响不易脱离;当加热装置的直径大于汽泡脱离直径时,汽泡脱离直径不随加热装置直径的增大而变化;汽泡生长周期随加热装置直径的增大而缩短。     

基于ADμC812的芯片温度控制系统的研究

介绍了一种以PID增量算法为核心,以812为硬件基础的温度控制系统,并给出了硬件电路和软件设计的总体结构。采用模拟软件COMSOL Multiphysics3.2分析控制对象的温度分布能够使控制结果与实际要求更为符合,满足芯片培养细胞的需要。     

直流接地极及杆塔接地网附近电磁场的有限元分析

高压直流输电系统处于单极大地回线运行方式时,有很大的直流电流通过直流接地极流入大地,这将造成接地极本身及附近输电杆塔接地网的腐蚀。在理论分析接地极和杆塔接地网电磁场的基础上,应用有限元分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics,以德宝直流输电工程千阳接地极为例,建立了多层大地土壤结构下的直流接地极和杆塔接地网数值模型,添加相关边界条件,进行网格划分处理,计算分析了接地极地表电位分布规律,并对杆塔接地网附近电位及泄漏电流密度进行了研究,结果发现:接地极地表电位沿径向距离逐渐降低;杆塔接地网本体上的电位最高,接地网的射线末端泄漏电流密度最大,射线首端的泄漏电流密度最小,接地网矩形与射线的连接处电流密度有突变。该研究对掌握直流接地极及杆塔接地网周围电场分布情况和腐蚀规律,具有重要的意义。