某复杂多金属矿低尾化综合利用技术研究

矿产资源在选矿过程中产生的大量尾矿,既是资源的浪费,又是环境污染源。因此,开展低尾化乃至无尾化综合利用研究,最大程度提高资源利用率是未来矿产资源开发、利用的必由之路。本文在研究国内某复杂多金属矿综合利用时,通过分析所含矿物的基因属性、赋存状态以及嵌布关系,先后进行了钽铌精矿、方解石精矿、锂精矿、云母精矿、长石精矿、石英精矿共计6个产品的选别回收,实现了除少量泥质、铁屑之外的全产品、无尾化综合利用技术路线,可为以后同类型复杂多金属矿的综合回收提供思路借鉴。     

重-浮联合流程回收某微细粒、低品位钽铌尾矿的选矿试验研究

对-0.038mm粒级中Ta2O5的分布率达到80%以上的某微细粒钽铌尾矿,采用“离心机预富集-粗精矿浮选”的重-浮联合工艺处理该矿石,获得精矿中Ta2O5和Nb2O5品位分别为18.2547%和9.0838%,Ta2O5和Nb2O5回收率分别为35.52%和35.22%的良好指标。为开发利用该类型微细粒、低品位钽铌矿石提供了技术依据。     

Effect of additive distribution in H2 absorption and desorption kinetics in MgH2 milled with NbH0.9 or NbF5

This paper presents a comparative study of H₂ absorption and desorption in MgH₂ milled with NbF₅ or NbH_0.9. The addition of NbF₅ or NbH_0.9 greatly improves hydriding and dehydriding kinetics. After 80 h of milling the mixture of MgH₂ with 7 mol.% of NbF₅ absorbs 60% of its hydrogen capacity at 250 °C in 30 s, whereas the mixture with 7 mol.% of NbH_0.9 takes up 48%, and MgH₂ milled without additive only absorbs 2%. At the same temperature, hydrogen desorption in the mixture with NbF₅ finishes in 10 min, whereas the mixture with NbH_0.9 only desorbs 50% of its hydrogen content, and MgH₂ without additive practically does not releases hydrogen. The kinetic improvement is attributed to NbH_0.9, a phase observed in the hydrogen cycled MgH₂ + NbF₅ and MgH₂ + NbH_0.9 materials, either hydrided or dehydrided. The better kinetic performance of the NbF₅-added material is attributed to the combination of smaller size and enhanced distribution of NbH_0.9 with more favorable microstructural characteristics. The addition of NbF₅ also produces the formation of Mg(H_xF_1-x)₂ solid solutions that limit the practically achievable hydrogen storage capacity of the material. These undesired effects are discussed.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Si-Al-Mn TRIP Steel with Niobium

Microstructure consisting of ferrite, bainite and retained austenite can be obtained through intercritical annealing and isothermal treatment in bainite transformation region for low silicon TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steel containing niobium. Effects of strain rate, Nb content and soaking temperature in bainite region on microstructure and mechanical properties of test steels were investigated. It is shown that as strain rate ranges from 10-2 to 10-4 s-1, the volume fraction of transformed martensite from retained austenite,as well as tensile strength, elongation rate and strength-ductility product, increases. When Nb is added, the volume fraction of retained austenite decreases, but tensile strength and yield strength increase. While Nb content reaches 0.014%, the steel exhibits high elongation and combination of strength and ductility. Higher retained austenite volume fraction and good mechanical properties are obtained in the test steels when the soaking temperature in bainite region is 400℃. The maximum values of tensile strength, total elongation rate and strength-ductility product can reach 739 MPa, 38% and 28082 MPa%, respectively.     

NbO/Nb2O5 core–shells by thermal oxidation

Niobium oxides have been reported as an alternative to tantalum, and its oxide, for the production of capacitors, but these materials still require a further and exhaustive study. Understanding the dynamics of the oxidation process from NbO to Nb₂O₅ is essential to explain and control the properties of a niobium oxide based capacitors. In situ XRD analysis of NbO powders was performed from 100 to 1100 °C, which showed a temperature range where only amorphous phase is present. The capacitor anodes, formed from the same type of NbO powders, were then heat-treated in air from room-temperature (RT) to 550 °C and recorded with a video camera to see the colour shift. The presence of core–shell structures and the increase of the shell thickness/amount with temperature are visible in SEM. Finally, in situ spectroscopy studies were performed, in order to observe the interference spectra which are responsible for the observed colours.     

Anode material NbO for Li-ion battery and its electrochemical properties

The NbO electrode materials were successfully synthesized by high-temperature solid-phase method using Nb powders and Nb_2O_5 powders as raw materials. The crystalline structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of the obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM), dynamic light scattering instrument(DLSA), halfcell charge-discharge tests, and cyclic voltammetry(CV).The reaction mechanism of lithium with NbO was investigated by ex-situ XRD studies. The results show that material average Li storage voltage is nearly located at 1.6 V, and the lithium intercalation into NbO remains a single-phase process. For the first discharge, a capacity of 355 mAh·g^-1 is obtained at a current rate of 0.1 C,and 293 mAh·g^-1 is maintained after 50 cycles, whereas a capacity of 416 mAh·g^-1 is obtained at a current rate of 0.1 C after ball milling. And 380 mAh·g^-1 reversible capacity remains for the ball milling sample.     

电子束横焊3mm纯铌板的熔池形态研究

高能加速器纯铌超导腔内导体,要求加工后的外表面光滑平整,以保证其特殊性能的要求。在电子束平焊全熔透情况下,超导腔焊缝正面在反冲压力作用下易发生未焊满及塌陷等缺陷。本文采用合适的电子束横焊工艺参数,得到了符合工艺要求的正面余高焊缝。并且建立了3mm厚的高纯铌板横焊过程的二维模型,针对不同的焊接参数分别设计了不同尺寸和形状的熔池,结合VOF算法,模拟焊接熔池里液态金属自由表面存在状态,得到了不同焊接参数下熔池的演变过程。实验结果显示,焊接熔宽随焊接线能量的升高而增大,数值模拟与实验结果较吻合。     

Nb2O5纳米线的热氧化生长与光催化性能研究

采用热氧化技术在金属铌箔片上生长了Nb2O5纳米线,利用X射线衍射光谱、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对产物的物相、形貌和微结构进行表征,并研究了纳米线的光吸收与光催化染料降解特性。结果表明,热氧化所得Nb2O5纳米线为四方相结构,直径约为20-60 nm。当氧气流量为25毫升每分钟（sccm）时,纳米线生长致密、长径比高,构成网络结构。随着氧气流量的增加,纳米线的数量和致密程度逐渐下降。紫外可见吸收光谱表明,Nb2O5纳米线为直接带隙半导体,带隙宽度为3.42 eV。此外,Nb2O5纳米线在波长为365 nm的紫外光照射下对亚甲基蓝、甲基橙和罗丹明B等染料均具有光催化降解性能,效率因子分别为-0.025、-0.021和-0.008 min-1。     

Surfactant-assisted growth of anodic nanoporous niobium oxide with a grained surface

Nanoporous niobium oxide film with a maximum thickness of 520 nm was prepared by anodizing niobium in a mixture of 1 wt% HF, 1 M H₃PO₄, and a small amount of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) surfactant. The porosity of the anodic niobium oxide prepared without SDS is irregular with the surface of the oxide suggesting a grained surface pattern rather than an ordered porous structure. A proper amount of SDS addition can prepare a pore arrangement with stripe patterns. The pore depth and surface pattern were strongly affected by the concentration of SDS and bath temperature. We found that the addition of SDS surfactant facilitated improvement in the chemical resistance of niobium oxide, leading to the formation of pores with a longer length compared to those prepared without a SDS surfactant. This can be in part ascribed to the protection of the surface by the physical adsorption of SDS on the surface due to a charge-charge interaction and be in part attributed to the formation of NbO bonding on the outermost oxide layer by SDS. When anodization was carried out for 4 h, the surface dissolution of niobium oxide was observed, which means that the maximum tolerance time against chemical dissolution was less than 4 h.     

Light induced electropolymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) on niobium oxide

The photoelectrochemical polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT, was successfully realized on anodic film grown to 50 V on magnetron sputtered niobium. Photocurrent Spectroscopy was employed to study the optical properties of Nb/Nb₂O₅/PEDOT/electrolyte interface in a large range of potential, and to get an estimate of the band gap and flat band potential of both the oxide and the polymer. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to study the morphology of PEDOT. Both the optical and morphological features of the photoelectrochemically grown polymer were compared with those showed by PEDOT electropolymerized on gold conducting substrate.