Highly purified sugar concentrate from a residue of citrus pigments recovery process

Pigmented orange pulp wash (PW), a byproduct of citrus processing, was already studied to obtain anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamates using adsorption resins. The residue of such process was further investigated to obtain a purified sugar concentrate applying a series of resin adsorptions and membrane techniques. The final product and the intermediates were characterized by chemical and microbiological analyses. The results have shown that anthocyanins, limonoids, flavanones and hydroxycinnamates were absent in the starting material because totally removed by the treatment with the neutral polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) resin used to recover the pigments; the acidity was strongly reduced through a weakly basic ion-exchange matrix while the ultrafiltration (UF) process stabilized the product by removal of enzymes and microorganisms. Eighty percent of the water was eliminated by a reverse osmosis (RO) treatment, increasing the sugar concentration by four times. The final product (28 Brix) contained about 250 g/l of sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose), 9 g/l of citric acid and 1 g/l of pectins. The concentrate, obtained from a residue that otherwise must be disposed, was a transparent liquid of slight amber color with a very low microbial count and could easily find application as a natural sweetener in food and beverage industries.     

法国造纸科教机构简介

简要介绍了法国唯一的有造纸学科的国立格勒诺布尔理工大学，详细介绍了该大学造纸与印刷学院的教学情况；同时还介绍了法国唯一的一间制浆造纸研究所以及它们目前的研究课题。     

造纸工业水体污染与治理技术

针对湖南省制浆造纸工业的特点,比较全面地介绍了化学法制浆、废纸制浆、高得率制浆和造纸过程产生的水体污染物的主要来源、组成和排放量,重点讨论了制浆造纸水体污染治理技术.     

Nutritional composition of commercial pickled garlic

The effect of pulp treatment on the qualitative and quantitative changes to polyphenol compounds, such as anthocyanins and flavanols, in musts and wines from blackcurrant and cherries was investigated. The following variants of pulp treatment were used: hot maceration, hot maceration and pulp pectinolysis with Rohapect MA Plus and Pectopol PM preparations, and also pulp pectinolysis with Rohapect and Pectopol preparations. The method of treatment affected the content of anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols in the musts. Different types of phenolic compounds reacted differently under must-making conditions. Wines made with different treatments presented statistical differences with the control wine and between them for the parameters studied.As a result of the analysis of cherry musts and wines by HPLC, the following flavan-3-ols were identified: catechin, epicatechin, dimer B₂ and trimer C₁. In the cherry wines studied, in the variants subjected to pectinolysis and fermentation in the pulp, epicatechin occurred in a smaller amount than catechin, while in the wines subjected to thermal treatment it was predominant. In the blackcurrant musts and wines the following flavanols were identified: gallocatechin, catechin, epigallocatechin, dimer B₂, epicatechin and trimer C₁. In the cherry musts and wines the following anthocyanin pigments have been identified: cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-glucosylrutinoside, the amount of which was the greatest. Anthocyanins identified in the blackcurrant musts and wines were delphinidine and cyanidine glycosides: delphinidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside; their aglycones were also found.     

Estimating the electrochemical reactivity of pyrite ores-their impact on pulp chemistry and chalcopyrite flotation behaviour

Prudent control of ore pulp chemistry via parameters such as redox potential (Eh), dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH, can markedly improve the flotation recovery, grade and selectivity of sulphide minerals. In this paper, the electrochemical reactivities of two pyrite minerals and their impact on chalcopyrite flotation are investigated using oxygen demand test and froth flotation. Changes in the surface chemistry/speciation are also investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and EDTA extraction technique. The oxygen demand test shows that the different pyrite ores display significantly different electrochemical reactivity. Furthermore, continuous aeration of the pulp reduces the reactivity of the pyrite ores. Solution and surface analysis results suggest the formation of hydroxide surface coatings on the pyrite surface as aeration progresses, preventing or minimising further oxidative reactions from taking place in the pulp. Flotation results showed that the flotation response of chalcopyrite is influenced by the pulp DO/Eh, and therefore the type and reactivity of the pyrite associated with it.     

大型竹浆厂竹片露天堆场管理研究

从分析竹片贮藏期各种隐患入手,提出了露天竹片堆管理的基本思路。     

Distribution of varietal thiol precursors in the skin and the pulp of Melon B. and Sauvignon Blanc grapes

In order to examine varietal thiol precursors in both the skin and the pulp of grapes, two grape varieties, Melon B. and Sauvignon Blanc, were considered. We found that cysteinylated and glutathionylated precursors of 3-mercapto-1-hexanol and 4-methyl-4-mercapto-2-pentanone were preferentially in skin. In the Sauvignon Blanc variety, precursors were detected both in the skin and the pulp, while in Melon B., only S-3-(1-hexanol)glutathione was detected in pulp, any other precursors being exclusively found in skin. During an industrial pressing cycle, extraction of thiol precursors was enhanced at the end of the cycle (highest pressures), thus producing more varietal thiols in the resulting wines. Cold prefermentation skin contact did not influence the concentration of the measured precursors in Sauvignon Blanc must. Nevertheless, the release of thiol in resulting wines increased significantly between 1 and 7 days of cold prefermentation skin contact. This increase could be due to the formation of other thiol precursors, such as S-3-(1-hexanal)glutathione or S-3-(1-hexanal)cysteine, during prefermentative operations.     

对氨基苯酚对硫化矿物的抑制性能及电化学机理研究

本文研究了矿浆电位对有机药剂对氨基苯酚抑制性能的影响以及对氨基苯酚与硫化矿物作用的电化学机理。研究结果表明矿浆电位能够影响对氨基苯酚的抑制活性 ,控制对氨基苯酚的用量、矿浆pH以及矿浆电位可以实现多种硫化矿物的分离。对氨基苯酚与硫化矿物的作用机理不是静电作用而是电化学作用 ,对氨基苯酚能够降低硫化矿物的边缘能级 ,增加矿物表面电子密度 ,从而降低矿物表面捕收剂膜的稳定性