北仑峙南围垦沉滑原因及对策

介绍北仑区郭巨峙南围涂工程概况及地质条件。根据海堤原位观测结果,着重分析海堤滑动的原因,提出对沉滑加固处理和对堤脚外冲刷处理的措施。得出的经验教训是:建设、设计、施工等单位对软土地基筑堤的特性和规律应有一个共识,认识和掌握堤基强度随加荷逐渐变化的规律是在软土地基上筑堤的关键,切忌盲目加载和不按加荷次序施工。     

Life Cycle Assessment of urban wastewater reuse with ozonation as tertiary treatment: A focus on toxicity-related impacts

Life Cycle Assessment has been used to compare different scenarios involving wastewater reuse, with special focus on toxicity-related impact categories. The study is based on bench-scale experiments applying ozone and ozone in combination with hydrogen peroxide to a wastewater effluent from a Spanish sewage treatment plant. Two alternative characterisation models have been used to account for toxicity of chemical substances, namely USES-LCA and EDIP97. Four alternative scenarios have been assessed: wastewater discharge plus desalination supply, wastewater reuse without tertiary treatment, wastewater reuse after applying a tertiary treatment consisting on ozonation, and wastewater reuse after applying ozonation in combination with hydrogen peroxide. The results highlight the importance of including wastewater pollutants in LCA of wastewater systems assessing toxicity, since the contribution of wastewater pollutants to the overall toxicity scores in this case study can be above 90%. Key pollutants here are not only heavy metals and other priority pollutants, but also non-regulated pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Wastewater reuse after applying any of the tertiary treatments considered appears as the best choice from an ecotoxicity perspective. As for human toxicity, differences between scenarios are smaller, and taking into account the experimental and modelling uncertainty, the benefits of tertiary treatment are not so clear. From a global warming potential perspective, tertiary treatments involve a potential 85% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions when compared with desalination.     

可实现废弃水基钻井液再生利用的电化学吸附法

现有的固、液分离技术及设备均难以去除钻井液中粒径小于等于10μm的有害固相及超细微颗粒,钻井现场多采用无害化处理后填埋的方式处置,不仅资源化利用率偏低,还存在着二次污染的风险。为此,提出了采用电化学吸附法对废弃水基钻井液进行再生处理的技术思路:首先通过室内实验,在电吸附电极上施加电压,研究电压、吸附时间、膨润土浓度、极板间距及无机盐浓度对电吸附效果的影响;然后分别考察了4种常用无机盐(NaCl、KCl、CaCl_2、Na_2CO_3)在不同浓度下的电吸附极板对模拟钻井液中固相颗粒的吸附能力;最后在确定最佳电吸附条件的基础上,以国内某油田废弃聚磺钻井液为样品,验证其处理效果。结果表明:(1)电化学吸附法通过吸附去除水基钻井液中的劣质固相,实现了废弃水基钻井液的再生,提高了钻井废弃物的资源化利用率,同时也降低了后期钻井废弃物的处理量及成本;(2)含5%膨润土、2 g/LNaCl的模拟废弃钻井液最佳电吸附条件为吸附电压36 V、吸附时间5 min、极板间距5 cm;(3)上述样品经电化学吸附法处理后,1~10μm粒径劣质固相的去除率超过90%,表明该方法对于去除废弃聚磺钻井液中的劣质固相具有明显的效果。     

Partitioning of rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) in five coal-fired power plants in Guizhou,Southwest China

As indispensable strategic materials for high-tech industries, rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) have become particularly important in recent years, raising the demand of developing new approaches for reclamation of REY from REY-rich materials such as coal combustion products (CCPs). In this study, five coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) in Guizhou of southwest China were selected for investigating REY concentrations of solid samples, atmospheric emissions, and recovery potentials. REY concentrations of feed fuels are higher in this study (147.2–468.6 mg/kg) than what have been reported previously for coals in China and the world. REY atmospheric emissions are extremely low (38.70–180.11 mg REY/t coal). REY are enriched in bottom ash and fly ash, with average of 658 ± 296 mg/kg and maximum of 1257 mg/kg from the five CFPPs. Relative enrichment factors (REF) of REY in bottom ash and fly ash compared with the feed fuel are 0.86–1.02 and 0.91–1.04, respectively. REY concentrations in desulfurized gypsum are very low (6–17 mg/kg), and that is mostly inherited from limestone. Critical REY (Nd, Eu, Tb, Dy, Y, and Er) in bottom/fly ash account for 34%–39% of the total REY and the outlook coefficients (C_outl) are in the range of 0.89–1.11. This study indicates a promising prospect to reclaim REY from REY-rich CCPs (bottom and fly ash) in CFPPs in Guizhou, especially in the central-north Guizhou, although such practices require further technology advancement.     

污水处理厂污泥在矿山排土场复垦中的应用

主要介绍了马钢六汾河污水处理站产生的脱水污泥饼,由于其内含大量养分和有机质成份的特性,按照循环经济的要求,将污泥应用到矿山废弃土地生态复垦技术工程中,解决了污泥处置难题,实现污泥处置无害化、资源化。     

三沙港总体规划构想

三沙天然港湾优越,海上优势明显,但山多地少,陆域不足。因此,三沙港的规划应注重发挥海上资源优势,突破山海局限,移山填海拓展陆域,建城兴港,以港立城,建设海上三沙。     

STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF RECLAIMED SODIUM SILICATE SAND

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植生袋复垦边坡在降雨入渗条件下的稳定性

对植生袋复垦边坡技术进行了详细介绍,采用极限平衡理论中的瑞典条分法、简化Bishop法对降雨入渗条件下的边坡稳定性问题进行了模拟分析。研究结果显示：在降雨入渗影响下,抗滑稳定性系数最低为1.848,明显高于规范规定的1.3,说明植生袋复垦边坡显著降低了边坡滑动趋势,边坡稳定性得到显著提高。     

稿号: xdky-140129 高潜水位采煤沉陷区有机碳库演替特征研究

根据对徐州九里采煤沉陷区不同地带土壤有机碳密度取样对比分析,沉陷区坡面区有机碳库出现了明显流失,而矿区沉陷积水区域碳汇功能显著,为采煤沉陷区生态修复提供了保护碳汇功能的依据。     

复垦后矿区生态系统服务功能研究进展

综述了国内外有关生态系统服务功能及其价值评估的研究进展,提出了复垦后矿区生态系统服务功能的概念、特性,归纳其类型为生产功能、生态功能和文化功能。同时简要分析了当前研究中存在的问题,如服务功能形成的微观机制及其参数研究欠缺、评价理论和方法有待完善、评价结果准确度低等,从而明确了今后的研究应着重于理论探索与方法完善,以复垦后矿区生态系统的微观形成机制为切入点,开展不同尺度和类型的服务功能价值评估,充分考虑影响其功能价值的因素,改进评估的手段、方法和技术,使评估结果更具可比性和实用性,为合理开发利用矿产资源,实现矿区生态的可持续发展提供理论依据和技术支持。