RBF神经网络在阿拉尔垦区需水预测中的应用

利用RBF神经网络,建立了阿拉尔垦区需水量预测模型。选取农业用水灌溉定额、工业用水重复利用率、城镇生活人均日需水量、农村生活人均日需水量作为模型输入,农业、工业、城镇生活、农村生活需水量作为输出。将2001—2007年用水量数据作为训练样本,用2008—2009年用水量数据对模型进行检验。在农业、工业、城镇生活、农村生活4类需水量中,2009年工业需水量预测的相对误差最大,为-16.24%,总需水量的最大误差仅为1.80%,取得了较满意的结果,表明RBF神经网络模型用于该区需水量预测是可行的。     

三室电渗析回收黄姜皂素水解废液中硫酸的研究

采用三室电渗析从黄姜皂素水解废液中分离硫酸,研究了电渗析过程中各种离子的迁移规律。在电流密度130A/m2条件下,H+、SO24-、溶解性固体(TDS)分离效率分别为81.4%、81.6%和97.9%,而水解废液中有机物的浓度不变。H+和SO24-电流效率分别为69.5%和65.9%,分离1kg硫酸的电耗为8.4kW·h。     

ERDAS IMAGINE在采煤沉陷地复垦土方量计算中的应用

根据采煤沉陷地复垦施工工艺的特点,提出一种利用ERDAS IMAGINE遥感图像处理软件实现土方量自动计算的方法,为采煤沉陷地复垦的规划设计、总投资控制和资金分配提供准确的依据。介绍了该方法的计算原理和计算步骤。     

废旧聚苯乙烯的回收利用进展

归纳了以废旧聚苯乙烯为原料溴化作阻燃剂 ,磺化用作离子交换树脂 ,制备乳胶漆 ,建筑用胶粘剂 ,裂解成燃料油等回收利用情况     

露天煤矿排土场复垦土地土壤有机碳的动态变化

为探讨黄土区露天煤矿复垦土壤剖面有机碳的动态变化,以山西平朔露天煤矿排土场不同复垦阶段的耕地、林地和草地为研究对象,通过野外分层采集土样,探讨了不同复垦方向土壤有机碳含量的剖面分布特征及其与土壤pH值、全氮和w(C/N)的相关关系。结果表明：土壤有机碳的剖面分布随土壤深度和复垦方向的变化而变化,不同复垦方向土壤有机碳的垂直分布表现出一定的规律性,即随着土层深度的增加而逐渐递减;与未复垦的排土场相比,复垦2 a和18 a的耕地表层土壤有机碳含量分别增加22.73%和46.06%,复垦18 a和22 a的林地土壤有机碳含量分别增加38.86%和29.55%,复垦14 a的草地土壤有机碳含量增加30.96%,而复垦18 a的草地土壤有机碳含量变化不大;矿区3种复垦方向土壤有机碳含量整体表现为：林地>耕地>草地;复垦后的耕地土壤有机碳与全氮含量之间有显著的正相关性,相关系数R=0.642,林地和草地土壤有机碳含量与全氮之间有极显著的正相关性,相关系数R≥0.812;不同复垦方向土壤有机碳与w(C/N)的相关性都极为显著,相关系数≥0.679;耕地和林地土壤有机碳含量与pH具有明显的负相关性,相关系数分别为-0.685和-0.723,而草地土壤有机C含量与土壤pH没有明显的相关性。本研究可为黄土区露天煤矿排土场土地复垦与生态重建提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

Hydrologic Modeling Inventory: Cooperative Research Effort

The hydrologic modeling inventory developed at the Bureau of Reclamation and posted at its website ?http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/rivers/hmi? is described. The inventory comprises a large number of state-of-the-art watershed models developed by government (federal, state, and local) agencies, universities, and private companies in the United States and elsewhere. This inventory is among the first of its kind and is useful not only for modelers but water resources planners and managers.     

Failure Analysis of Mill Shaft Roll

A strip mill roll shaft failure was investigated. The investigation revealed that the fatigue strength of the shaft had been compromised by a combination of several factors that included: inadequate fillet radius size, the use of dissimilar filler materials to rebuild the shaft surface, the presence of slag inclusions at the weld/alloy interface, and machining defects on the shaft surface. Such failures have occurred repeatedly, and this paper presents a case study investigating the cause of the problem and discusses possible remedial measures to prevent similar occurrences.     

Ash disposal – mine fires – environment: an Indian dilemma

 The paper discusses the problems of ash disposal from coal combustion in two large coal-mining regions in India. Compared with the United States, India produces some three times the amount of coal ash per million metric tonnes of domestically produced coal, 95% of which is sluiced into gigantic slurry ponds located near urban areas and occupying vast amounts of premium land. The Jharia Coalfield produces some 30 million tonnes/year of ash and contains the world's largest complex of underground coal-mine fires, occupying an aggregate surface area of about 10 km² above which the land surface is extremely degraded. Similarly, the Singrauli Coalfield suffers from the environmental effects of open-cast mining, spoil heaps and an enormous coal combustion ash disposal problem. Ash haulback is proposed as an efficient, cost-effective way of removing significant quantities of ash from the surface/pond disposal and placing it in open-cast and underground mines. In addition to contributing to the control of mine fires and subsidence, it is suggested that this would have numerous beneficial effects in terms of the reclamation of poor-quality/degraded land for sustainable, productive use and the reduction of harmful emissions and substances in populated areas. Received: 26 October 1999 · Accepted: 27 April 2000     

Selection of optimal land uses for the reclamation of surface mines by using evolutionary algorithms

A methodology for the selection of the optimal land uses of the reclamation of mined areas is proposed. It takes into consideration several multi-nature criteria and constraints, including spatial constrains related to the permissible land uses in certain parts of the mined area. The methodology combines desirability functions and evolution searching algorithms for selection of the optimal reclamation scheme. Its application for the reclamation planning of the Amynteon lignite surface mine in Greece indicated that it handles effectively spatial and non-spatial constraints and incorporates easily the decision-makers preferences regarding the reclamation strategy in the optimization procedure.     

浅谈再生污水地下回灌的健康危害风险

针对目前污水再生利用越来越广泛的现状,探讨了再生污水的健康危害风险评价方法,分析了非饮用回用及饮用回用时要注意的问题和对策。并对北京高碑店污水处理厂二级生化出水经深度处理地下回灌后用作饮用回用的健康危害风险进行了实例分析评价。