大巷煤柱工作面设计方案优化

结合极限平衡理论,计算选取沿空掘巷窄煤柱最小宽度,尽可能增加工作面宽度,提高资源采出率;同时利用八盘区既有大巷形成大巷煤柱工作面各生产系统。选择合理的空巷支护方案,保证采煤工作面顺利回采,确保安全生产。     

The current perspective of the PA 1957 gas well pillar study and its implications for longwall gas well pillars

Many states rely upon the Pennsylvania 1957 Gas Well Pillar Study to evaluate the coal barrier surrounding gas wells. The study included 77 gas well failure cases that occurred in the Pittsburgh and Freeport coal seams over a 25-year span. At the time, coal was mined using the room-and-pillar mining method with full or partial pillar recovery, and square or rectangle pillars surrounding the gas wells were left to protect the wells. The study provided guidelines for pillar sizes under different overburden depths up to213 m(700 ft). The 1957 study has also been used to determine gas well pillar sizes in longwall mines since longwall mining began in the 1970 s. The original study was developed for room-and-pillar mining and could be applied to gas wells in longwall chain pillars under shallow cover. However, under deep cover, severe deformations in gas wells have occurred in longwall chain pillars. Presently, with a better understanding of coal pillar mechanics, new insight into subsidence movements induced by retreat mining, and advances in numerical modeling, it has become both critically important and feasible to evaluate the adequacy of the 1957 study for longwall gas well pillars. In this paper, the data from the 1957 study is analyzed from a new perspective by considering various factors, including overburden depth, failure location, failure time, pillar safety factor(SF), and floor pressure. The pillar SF and floor pressure are calculated by considering abutment pressure induced by full pillar recovery. A statistical analysis is performed to find correlations between various factors and helps identify the most significant factors for the stability of gas wells influenced by retreat mining. Through analyzing the data from the 1957 study, the guidelines for gas well pillars in the 1957 study are evaluated for their adequacy for roomand-pillar mining and their applicability to longwall mining. Numerical modeling is used to model the stability of gas wells by quantifying the mining-induced stresses in gas well casings. Results of this study indicate that the guidelines in the 1957 study may be appropriate for pillars protecting conventional gas wells in both room-and-pillar mining and longwall mining under overburden depths up to 213 m(700 ft),but may not be sufficient for protective pillars under deep cover. The current evaluation of the 1957 study provides not only insights about potential gas well failures caused by retreat mining but also implications for what critical considerations should be taken into account to protect gas wells in longwall mining.     

沿空掘巷煤柱合理宽度分析及确定

针对大部分煤矿沿空掘巷煤柱留设不合理造成煤炭资源浪费以及巷道难以维护的难题,采用数值模拟和力学分析相结合的方法,得到了采空区边缘区域应力峰值与原岩应力之间的应力集中系数,结合弹塑性力学计算最终确定了合理的煤柱宽度并应用于工程实践,为相似矿井煤柱宽度留设提供了借鉴。     

双侧采空不规则煤柱稳定性分析

为确定某矿3303工作面不规则煤柱处于两侧采空状态时的稳定程度,通过数学模型对不规则煤柱最小安全尺寸及煤柱稳定性系数进行计算,在此基础上,以数值模拟对不规则煤柱两侧采空状态下的应力变化规律展开分析。结果表明:煤柱最小安全尺寸为31.2 m,大于3303工作面推进36.5 m范围内不规则煤柱尺寸;煤柱稳定性系数为1.14,根据煤柱稳定性判别指标判定煤柱为稳定状态;不规则煤柱应力随工作面推进距离增大呈上升趋势,最大应力值与理论计算煤柱承载强度最小值基本一致;综合评定双侧采空状态下,不规则煤柱能够保持稳定。     

采空区矸石压实过程对煤柱支承压力的影响

为了研究采空区压力及煤柱上支承压力随采空区矸石压实程度的变化规律,通过实验室试验、数值模拟等方法,探讨建立了采空区矸石压缩模量与矸石压实率之间的关系式,分析了采空区矸石压力分布随矸石压实率变化规律;基于弹性基础梁理论和弹塑性极限平衡理论建立了煤柱上支承压力与采空区矸石压力间的关系式,分析了煤柱支承压力峰值大小、峰值位置受矸石压实率影响规律。最后,将采空区矸石压缩模量与矸石压实率之间的关系用于FLAC3D数值模拟,与理论形成对比,证明二者结果基本一致。研究表明:矸石压实率越大,采空区压力回升越快,压力恢复至原岩应力的位置距煤壁越近,对应的煤柱上支承压力峰值位置越靠近煤壁,压力峰值越小。     

保护煤柱条带开采法优化设计及工程实践

为确保保护煤柱回收时井筒、井底车场及硐室等井巷工程以及地表建筑物、构筑物的安全,有效控制工业广场的沉降,延长矿井服务期限,采用条带开采法回收保护煤柱。在工程类比法的基础上,综合考虑煤柱的稳定性和资源回收率,采用基于莫尔-库伦破坏准则的极限平衡理论计算煤柱留设宽度,优化了条带开采条件下采留比的设计方法,并对特定条件下采场稳定性和地表沉降控制效果进行了考察。为矿井保护煤柱合理回收提供了新思路。     

矿井水库煤柱坝体力学性能分析

为研究矿井采空区地下水库煤柱坝体在井下作业环境中的力学性能变化以及变形情况,以李家壕煤矿为研究背景,采用实验室相似模拟和FLAC3D数值模拟的方法,首先,将取自李家壕煤矿3-1煤层的煤样按照ISRM加工成标准试样,试样按照一定时间周期浸水处理,对其进行力学性能分析实验;随后,采用数值模拟技术模拟煤柱坝体的实际作业环境,分析煤柱坝体力学性能和变形情况。研究得出:水对煤样有软化作用,随着浸水时间的增加煤样单向抗压强度、单向抗拉强度均有所下降,但并未出现规律性递减趋势;在软化作用和上覆岩层的压力的共同作用下,煤柱浸水面容易发生水平变形,变形随着时间的增长逐渐增大,靠近底板处的变形量最大,从而现场煤柱更容易遭到破坏。     

强动压煤体劣化下巷道位置与围岩控制技术研究

针对强烈动压影响下煤体力学性质劣化严重、围岩变形大、难维护的问题,采用理论分析、数值模拟及现场试验的手段,对强动压下巷道围岩变形控制技术进行了系统研究。研究结果表明：强烈动压影响下煤柱帮内部出现多组破碎带,煤体单轴抗压强度平均降低24.25%,锚索锚固力降低27.2%～42.7%,煤柱帮承载力大幅下降成为弱帮,弱帮压缩横移诱发强动压下巷道变形失稳。基于巷道变形失稳机制,进行了数值模拟分析,确定了合理护巷煤柱尺寸为10 m,提出了弱帮强支、性能匹配、高预应力水平均衡和相互补充的巷道控制对策,设计了钢棒与锚索联合支护方案,并进行了井下工业性试验。工程实践表明,合理巷道位置及新型支护方案能够有效控制巷道围岩变形,降低巷道断面收敛率33.7%,锚索、钢棒未出现破断,满足正常生产要求。     

多次动压影响下的煤柱巷道围岩控制技术

针对岳城矿煤柱巷道受叠加应力、多次动压影响、围岩控制难度大、支护效果不理想等现状,提出了高压注浆配合强力锚索补强的综合加固方案。现场矿压监测结果表明,加固后的巷道围岩保持了较好的完整性,顶板下沉量、两帮移近量都控制在设计要求之内,说明该方案能够显著提高巷帮破碎围岩的整体塑性,确保巷道安全掘进。     

近距离煤层煤柱下应力分布和巷道支护技术

针对和尚嘴煤业近距离煤层煤柱下掘进巷道变形大的问题,在介绍地质力学特征的基础上,采用数值模拟分析上部煤层不同方式采动后,采空区和煤柱在下部煤层的应力分布情况。分析煤柱下巷道变形特点和支护要点,结合高预应力强力锚杆支护理论,提出合理的锚网与锚索联合支护设计,现场试验效果明显。