Control of sonoluminescence signal in deionized water using carbon dioxide

Megasonic cleaning is routinely employed in semiconductor industry for cleaning of wafers. However, the method also results in damage to wafer features and such damage has been proposed to arise from transient, imploding cavities formed during megasonic processing. Transient cavitation is associated with the release of light, a phenomenon called sonoluminescence (SL) and the extent of damage has been shown to correlate with the intensity of SL. Control of sonoluminescence may therefore allow control of damage during megasonic processing of wafers. In this study, the ability of carbon dioxide to quench sonoluminescence generation in deionized water exposed to megasonic field of varying power density and duty cycle has been systematically investigated. It has been found that CO₂ is not only incapable but also a potent inhibitor of sonoluminescence, providing a potential means for selective alleviation of the violent effects of transient cavitation in process fluids. A novel chemical method has been established for in situ release of CO₂ from NH₄HCO₃ through a pH induced shift in the carbonic acid equilibria in deionized water. Using this method, a precisely controlled, progressive decrease in SL of air saturated deionized water through addition of NH₄HCO₃ has been demonstrated. It has been determined that 130 ppm of released CO₂ is sufficient for complete inhibition of sonoluminescence generated in air saturated deionized water.     

装煤推焦车轨道基础损坏原因分析和解决方案

针对印度工程中出现的装煤推焦车轨道基础损坏,仔细勘察了工程现场,对问题出现的可能原因,从轨道基础设计、车辆使用和现场施工等方面进行了详细的理论分析和计算验证。根据理论分析和计算结果,提出了解决问题的方案。     

The effect of ozonization on furniture dust: Microbial content and immunotoxicity in vitro

Moisture and mold problems in buildings contaminate also the furniture and other movable property. If cleaning of the contaminated furniture is neglected, it may continue to cause problems to the occupants even after the moisture-damage repairs. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of high-efficiency ozone treatment in cleaning of the furniture from moisture-damaged buildings. In addition, the effectiveness of two cleaning methods was compared. Samples were vacuumed from the padded areas before and after the treatment. The microbial flora and concentrations in the dust sample were determined by quantitative cultivation and QPCR-methods. The immunotoxic potential of the dust samples was analyzed by measuring effects on cell viability and production of inflammatory mediators in vitro. Concentrations of viable microbes decreased significantly in most of the samples after cleaning. Cleaning with combined steam wash and ozonisation was more effective method than ozonising alone, but the difference was not statistically significant. Detection of fungal species with PCR showed a slight but nonsignificant decrease in concentrations after the cleaning. The immunotoxic potential of the collected dust decreased significantly in most of the samples. However, in a small subgroup of samples, increased concentrations of microbes and immunotoxicological activity were detected. This study shows that a transportable cleaning unit with high-efficiency ozonising is in most cases effective in decreasing the concentrations of viable microbes and immunotoxicological activity of the furniture dust. However, the method does not destroy or remove all fungal material present in the dust, as detected with QPCR analysis, and in some cases the cleaning procedure may increase the microbial concentrations and immunotoxicity of the dust.     

浅谈桥梁浅基础水毁原因与防治加固对策

从桥位选址、河床自然交迁、人为因素干扰等方面分析了桥梁常见水毁病害的成因,在此基础上归纳了新建桥梁的预防措施,探讨了老桥基础的防治对策,指出应坚持预防为主、综合治理的原则,加强施工管理,确保桥梁安全运行。     

矿坝输送带实时图像探伤方法

长期工作在艰苦的环境下,钢丝绳芯输送带易发生断裂故障,对运输生产造成影响。提出一种基于模糊聚类算法的图像识别方法对输送带的损伤与接头进行检测,据背景差分法与阈值分割,分离出输送带前景、背景视频图像得到目标。利用Sobel算子检测得到损伤与接头处边缘关系,消除冗余信息,最后用模糊聚类算法对图像分类,从而对输送带是否有损伤作出判断。实验结果用以验证算法的有效性。     

塑封器件中高聚物的失效分析

文章分析了塑封器件中高聚物在封装固化过程中和使用过程中常见的损伤或失效,结果表明:封装固化过程中,当高聚物材料收缩受到周围材料的约束时,由于残余应力的存在,可引起气孔、孔隙、微裂纹,即形成了一系列微小缺陷;在后续的生产工艺以及产品使用过程中的热-机械载荷作用下,固化中产生的微小缺陷或损伤会扩展、汇合而形成宏观裂纹,导致...     

飞秒激光在宽带隙陶瓷表面的烧蚀特性

采用飞秒激光微加工系统对宽带隙陶瓷材料SiC和Al2O3诱导微结构时的去除机理及烧蚀特性进行了研究。应用扫描电子显微镜、粗糙度轮廓仪、光学显微镜和能量色散谱仪等对烧蚀的微观形貌和化学组成进行了评价,得出加工SiC时强烧蚀和轻烧蚀的破坏阈值分别为0.61 J/cm2和0.13 J/cm2。同时获得了加工参数与烧蚀形貌之间的关系,发现材料的去除机理强烈依赖于入射激光的脉冲能量,并对二者的关联机制进行了分析。探讨了表面粗糙度和掺杂在材料中的不同元素对烧蚀结果的影响。从而为在难加工类宽带隙陶瓷材料表面加工高质量的微结构提供了有力的理论依据和技术支持。     

紫外激光与半导体相互作用研究进展综述

紫外激光与半导体相互作用是当今国内外研究的热点。综述了紫外激光与半导体相互作用在光电子产业、激光加工、激光表面改性等方面的应用。介绍了紫外激光与半导体相互作用的基本原理,总结了紫外激光烧蚀半导体的理论模型,包括热传导模型、载流子耦合扩散模型、光化学模型、表面热蒸发模型、双温模型、表面充电模型等。总结了关于损伤形貌、烧蚀阈值和紫外激光损伤半导体机理的实验研究。提出了紫外激光与半导体相互作用可能的研究和新的应用方向。     

高功率激光光纤耦合特性研究

实现高功率激光的光纤耦合对高功率激光应用有着重要的作用.文中简要介绍了高功率激光耦合的关键技术,包括激光光纤耦合条件、耦合效率、光纤的选择和端面处理、光纤损伤机理及其阈值条件等方面.     

熔石英玻璃和白宝石晶体激光损伤的研究

研究不同实验条件对熔石英和白宝石激光损伤阈值和损伤形貌的影响 ,获得了一些有用的实验结果 ,对相应的损伤机理作了分析。同时对熔石英的抗激光加固也进行了研究。结果表明 ,激光预辐照和酸侵蚀处理使熔石英的激光损伤阈值分别提高 70 %和 80 %以上