Comparative study and properties of RuSr2Gd1.4Ce0.6Cu2O10−δ ruthenocuprate samples by different preparation methods

Two different synthetic routes to synthesize the magnetic superconductor RuSr₂Gd_1.4Ce_0.6Cu₂O_10−δ (Ru-1222) have been reported as an alternative method to the solid state reaction starting from the oxides of Ru, Gd, Ce, Cu and SrCO₃. The 1222-phase has been namely prepared by mixing and reacting proper amounts of: (a) the 1212-phase (RuSr₂GdCu₂O₈) with the mixed oxide Ce_0.6Gd_0.4O_1.8; (b) the 1212-phase with the separate oxides Gd₂O₃ and CeO₂. The possibility to obtain a pure Ru-1222 phase has been discussed and the effect of the different synthetic paths on the purity, structural and physical properties of the compound has been presented.     

Solid-phase epitaxy of undoped amorphous silicon by in-situ postannealing

The solid phase epitaxy (SPE) of undoped amorphous Si (a-Si) deposited on SiO₂ patterned Si(001) wafers by reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition (RPCVD) using a H₂-Si₂H₆ gas system was investigated. The SPE was performed by applying in-situ postannealing directly after deposition process. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy, we studied the lateral SPE (L-SPE) length on sidewall and mask for various postannealing times, temperatures and a-Si thicknesses. We observed an increase in L-SPE growth for longer postannealing times, temperatures and larger Si thicknesses on mask. TEM defect studies revealed that by SPE crystallized epi-Si exhibits a higher defect density on the mask than at the inside of the mask window. By introducing SiO₂-cap on the sample with 180 nm Si thickness following postannealing at 570 °C for 5 h, the crystallization of up to 450 nm epi-Si from a-Si is achieved. We demonstrated the possibility to use this technique for SiGe:C heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) base layer stack to crystallize Si-buffer layer to widen the monocrystalline region around the bipolar window and to improve base link resistivity of the HBT.     

Comparison of solid particle erosion predictions using the dense discrete phase and discrete element models

A numerical procedure involving the dense discrete phase model (DDPM) is used to calculate solid particle erosion. DDPM works in two mechanisms. First, the discrete particles are treated as a pseudofluid, and the interaction among particles is evaluated by solving the governing equations of the pseudofluid. Second, the equivalent pressure of the pseudofluid is applied to a single particle to reflect the blocking effect of high-concentration particles. The numerical procedure is well verified by comparison with the experimental data picked from a direct impact test. In addition, the DDPM predictions are compared with the discrete element model (DEM) predictions in detail. Both methods show that the predicted mass loss caused by sand per unit mass decreases with an increase in sand concentration. DDPM indirectly considers the influence of particle interactions on solid particle erosion, and the predicted erosion contours are more uniform and smoother than the DEM-predicted contours.     

Re-explosion hazard potential of solid residues and gaseous products of coal dust explosion

In the present work, solid residues and gaseous products after the initial explosion of coal dust were collected by self-made devices, respectively, and their explosiveness was further studied to assess the re-explosion hazard. The results show that the solid residue can explode again, and its explosion pressure (P_ex) and pressure rise rate ((dP/dt)_ex) both increase gradually as dust concentration and ignition energy increase, but decrease with the larger particle size. Solid residue is characterized by a lower deflagration index (K_st) than raw lignite dust, but it can produce greater severity than some raw high-rank coal dust in some cases. The gaseous products of coal dust explosion are mainly composed of CO, H₂ and CH₄, and some trace gases. The volume fraction of CO and H₂ in the gaseous products rises in proportion to the concentration of coal dust. For coal dust explosion with a concentration >200 g/m³, the gaseous products collected are flammable and have a wider explosion limit and a lower limited oxygen content. This research provides valuable information and reference for future prevention and control of secondary explosion disasters in coal mines.     

An overview of solid‐phase extraction of food flavor compounds and chemical residues

Abstract

Solid‐phase extraction (SPE) is a rapid and sensitive sample preparation technique whose use has increased considerably within the last decade. This emerging technology has successfully replaced many tedious conventional methods of isolation and extraction of various chemicals in food, environmental, pharmaceutical, and biological samples. Sample preparation and concentration via SPE can be achieved in a one‐step extraction, and the methodology is appropriate for isolating trace amounts of chemical compounds from complex matrices. This paper gives an overview on the use of SPE as a sample preparation tool for the isolation of flavor compounds and chemical residues in food. Applying SPE in the areas of food science and agriculture will be valuable in assuring the safety and quality of our food products.     

实木家具分类及选购建议

实木家具以其诸多优点越来越受到广大消费者的青睐,但市场却鱼龙混杂,产品质量以次充好、掺杂使假等现象屡见不鲜,质量投诉也高居不下,笔者认为消费者在购买实木家具时首先应该搞清实木家具的分类及概念,另外还要掌握一定的选购技巧,这样才能避免买到以次充好、华而不实的家具而蒙受损失.     

Thermal Expansion Behavior of La1—xSrxMn1—yCoyO3—δ Perovskites

The thermal expansion behavior of La1-xSrxMn1-yCoyO3-δ (x=0.2-0.4, y=0.1-0.3) perovskites in air has been investigated. The average linear thermal expansion coefficients increased with increasing Sr content up to 40 mole fraction or Co content up to 30 mole fraction. The expansion is generally attributed to an increase in the average cation radius as some of the cations in the perovskite are reduced in valence when oxygen ions are removed from the structure.     

Establishment of the volatile profile of ‘Bravo de Esmolfe’ apple variety and identification of varietal markers

The volatile composition of ‘Bravo de Esmolfe’ (BE) apple was achieved by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–qMS) analysis using fruits from two different rootstocks (PAJAM2 and MM106), different trees of each rootstock, and different sections of each tree (north and south). Fruits were harvested in the maturity state defined for this variety and then stored for four months at 4 °C. During this period, analyses were made monthly. α-Farnesene was the compound found in the volatile profile of BE apple with the largest GC area. A large number of esters were also detected. Rootstocks, trees, and tree sections did not have statistical significance on the volatile composition of BE apples. However, the volatile composition changed throughout the storage period. The principal component analysis (PCA) allowed distinguishing between the apples obtained immediately after harvest and those stored for 4 months. In the first case, the volatile composition was related to the occurrence of aldehydes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenols and, in the second case, to esters and terpenoids. Ocymene, cymene, α-bergamotene, geranyl acetone, nerolidol, and ethyl 3-(methylthio)-propionate were identified for the first time in apples. This peculiar profile allows to propose them as varietal markers of BE apple variety. However, as this methodology has only been applied to BE apple, the occurrence of these compounds in other cultivars can not be excluded.     

用分光光度法测定烟草中的汞

研究了对 -磺酸基苯基亚甲基若丹宁 (SBDR)与汞离子 (Hg2 +)的显色反应。在pH为 4 .0的HAc NaAc缓冲介质中和吐温 - 80存在下 ,SBDR与Hg2 +反应生成稳定的络合物 ,通过WatersSep Park C18固相萃取小柱萃取和无水乙醇洗脱后 ,用分光光度计测定洗脱液在λmax=5 2 0nm处的吸光度。体系ε=1.2 1× 10 5L·mol-1·cm-1,Hg2 +含量在 0 .0 1～ 1.5 μg mL内此溶液的吸光度与Hg2 +浓度的关系符合比尔定律。用该法测定了几种烟叶中的汞含量     

Utility of solid phase spectrophotometry for the modified determination of trace amounts of cadmium in food samples

A modified selective, highly sensitive and accurate procedure for the determination of trace amounts of cadmium which reacts with 1-(2-benzothiazolylazo)-2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid (BTAHNA) to give a deep violet complex with high molar absorptivity (7.05 × 10⁶ L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹, 3.92 × 10⁷ L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹, 1.78 × 10⁸ L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹, and 4.10 × 10⁸ L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹), fixed on a Dowex 1-X8 type anion-exchange resin for 10 mL, 100 mL, 500 mL, and 1000 mL, respectively. Calibration is linear over the range 0.2-3.5 μg L⁻¹ with RSD of ?1.14% (n = 10). The detection and quantification limits were calculated. Increasing the sample volume can enhance the sensitivity. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of Cd(II) in food samples, water samples and some salts samples without interfering effect of various cations and anions.