Charge Generation and Photovoltaic Operation of Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Incorporating a High Extinction Coefficient Indolene‐Based Sensitizer

An investigation of the function of an indolene‐based organic dye, termed D149, incorporated in to solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells using 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxypheny‐amine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) as the hole transport material is reported. Solar cell performance characteristics are unprecedented under low light levels, with the solar cells delivering up to 70% incident photon‐to‐current efficiency (IPCE) and over 6% power conversion efficiency, as measured under simulated air mass (AM) 1.5 sun light at 1 and 10 mW cm^?2. However, a considerable nonlinearity in the photocurrent as intensities approach “full sun” conditions is observed and the devices deliver up to 4.2% power conversion efficiency under simulated sun light of 100 mW cm^?2. The influence of dye‐loading upon solar cell operation is investigated and the thin films are probed via photoinduced absorption (PIA) spectroscopy, time‐correlated single‐photon counting (TCSPC), and photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) measurements in order to deduce the cause for the non ideal solar cell performance. The data suggest that electron transfer from the photoexcited sensitizer into the TiO₂ is only between 10 to 50% efficient and that ionization of the photo excited dye via hole transfer directly to spiro‐OMeTAD dominates the charge generation process. A persistent dye bleaching signal is also observed, and assigned to a remarkably high density of electrons “trapped” within the dye phase, equivalent to 1.8 × 10¹⁷ cm^?3 under full sun illumination. it is believed that this localized space charge build‐up upon the sensitizer is responsible for the non‐linearity of photocurrent with intensity and nonoptimum solar cell performance under full sun conditions.     

医药洁净厂房的回风利用问题

介绍了医药生产中有药物粉尘散发的洁净室如何利用回风、防止药物交叉污染的问题，还对利用回风的经济性作了详细分析和比较。     

微波固体有源传感器研究

本文讨论微波固体源作为测量电量、非电量有源传感器的工作原理。指出频带反射高Q腔稳耿氏振荡器适于作为有源传感器,用它取样测量电容介质(ε_τ(?)2～3)薄膜的厚度,量程:200μm,分辨率≤±0.1μm,介质微扰稳频腔产生的振荡器频偏⊿f与其厚度d具有很好的线性关系。频偏的实验值与微扰方法计算值吻合良好。     

Cr/蓝宝石界面的二次离子质谱研究

采用电子束蒸发的方法在２００℃抛光的取向的蓝宝石衬底上淀积２００ｎｍ的Ｃｒ,并在高真空中退火。利用ＭＣｓ＾＋－ＳＩＭＳ技术对样品进行了深度剖析,给出了界面组分分布随退火温度与时间的变化关系。并在８５０退火样品观测一种新的界面结构。     

固体氧化物燃料电池发展及展望

在21世纪的今天,能源和环境对人类的压力越来越大.当人们把能源供应仍然寄托于煤的综合利用为主时,可以直接使用多种碳基燃料的高温固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)发电技术将是新型高效洁净能源的有效途径之一.在发展大型电站技术的同时,固体氧化物燃料电池作为分布式电站和备用电源技术及示范工程蓬勃开展.世界范围内,各种相关鼓励SOFC快速发展的政策陆续出台.千瓦量级的SOFC发电系统将在军方首先试用,多国联合的SOFC商业化进程正在加速实施.     

微波固态准光功率合成技术

近年来,越来越迫切需要大功率微波毫米波固态源。单个器件产生的功率非常有限,需将多个器件的功率加以合成。随着频率的提高,传统的封闭式谐振腔由于其固有的缺陷妨碍了微波、毫米波技术的发展,于是空间功率合成的概念应运而生。在过去十几年所尝试的各种方法中,准光学功率合成是最为成功的技术。本文综述了近２０ 年来准光学功率合成技术所取得的成就,并提出急待解决的问题。     

Modelling of electrostatic gate operations in the Kane solid state quantum computer

The nuclear spin quantum computer proposed by Kane [Nature 393 (1998) 133] exploits as a qubit array ³¹P dopants embedded within a silicon matrix. Single-qubit operations are controlled by the application of electrostatic potentials via a set of metallic ‘A’ gates, situated above the donors, on the silicon surface, that tune the resonance frequency of individual nuclear spins, and a globally applied RF magnetic field that flips spins at resonance. Coupling between qubits is controlled by the application of potentials via a set of ‘J’ gates, between the donors, that induce an electron-mediated coupling between nuclear spins. We report the results of the study of the electric field and potential profiles arising within the Kane device from typical gate operations. The extent to which a single nuclear spin can be tuned independently of its neighbours, by operation of an associated A-gate, is examined and key design parameters in the Kane architecture are addressed. Implications for current fabrication strategies involving the implantation of ³¹P atoms are discussed. Solution of the Poisson equation has been carried out by simulation using a TCAD modelling package (Integrated Systems Engineering AG).     

圆形冷屏下红外焦平面探测器光敏元立体角的计算及其成像仿真

给出了圆形冷屏限制下红外焦平面器件任一光敏元立体角的数学模型,该模型由非线性方程组描述,通常,难以求出相应的解析解.以320×256面阵器件为例介绍了一种数值求解方法,即先从面阵中选取若干光敏元作为采样点,用SolidWorks三维实体造型软件求出这些光敏元对应的若干几何参数,再用MATLAB做样条插值计算,求出任一点处光敏元的立体角数值.将这些立体角的相对值投影到0～255的整数值范围,可以得到一张伪灰度图,该图反映了理想情况下面阵器件对均匀面源黑体的成像效果.     

镓酸镧基固体电解质制备方法的研究进展

综述了镓酸镧基固体电解质的制备方法:包括固相反应法和Pechini法、溶胶凝胶法、甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法、硝酸盐分解法等湿化学方法.简要阐述了各种方法的工艺流程,制备粉体的特性及优缺点.最后展望了今后镓酸镧粉体制备方法的研究发展方向.     

基于K-SVD字典稀疏分解的实木地板去噪方法

针对实木地板的图像获取过程中,所产生的噪声问题,引入了K-SVD字典的学习算法,提出了一种图像的有用信息稀疏分解去噪的方法,目的是有效的保留实木地板的有用纹理信息,并抑制其中掺杂的噪声。通过对图像稀疏分解后得到的值,来进行图像重构,就可以达到图像的去噪目的。首先,构造一个初始化的DCT字典,对图像分块处理;接着,在这个初始化字典的基础之上,进行纹理信息的稀疏分解,同时,对它们之间的残差值进行奇异值分解,更新字典;最后,利用得出的最优化字典,采用正交匹配重构算法,完成去噪图像的重建。实验表明,该算法得出的图像主观效果好,减少了去噪后的模糊程度及保留更多细节信息,在不同程度的噪声下,PSNR较高。