Generating hydrogen-rich fuel-cell feeds from dimethyl ether (DME) using physical mixtures of a commercial Cu/Zn/Al2O3 catalyst and several solid–acid catalysts

Homogeneous physical mixtures containing a commercial Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalyst and a solid–acid catalyst were used to examine the acidity effects on dimethyl ether hydrolysis and their subsequent effects on dimethyl ether steam reforming (DME-SR). The acid catalysts used were zeolites Y [Si/Al = 2.5 and 15: denoted Y(Si/Al)], ZSM-5 [Si/Al = 15, 25, 40, and 140: denoted Z(Si/Al)] and other conventional catalyst supports (ZrO₂, and γ-Al₂O₃). The homogeneous physical mixtures contained equal amounts, by volume, of the solid–acid catalyst and the commercial Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalyst (BASF K3-110, denoted as K3). The steam reforming of dimethyl ether was carried out in an isothermal packed-bed reactor at ambient pressure.

The most promising physical mixtures for the low-temperature production of hydrogen from DME contained ZSM-5 as the solid–acid catalyst, with hydrogen yields exceeding 90% (T = 275 °C, S/C = 1.5, τ = 1.0 s and P = 0.78 atm) and hydrogen selectivities exceeding 94%, comparable to those observed for methanol steam reforming (MeOH-SR) over BASF K3-110, with values equaling 95% and 99%, respectively (T = 225 °C, S/C = 1.0, τ = 1.0 s and P = 0.78 atm). Large production rates of hydrogen were directly related to the type of acid catalyst used. The hydrogen production activity trend as a function of physical mixture was

     

基于敲击声振法的风机叶片脱层检测系统设计

脱层是风机叶片的主要损伤形式,根据风电叶片的材料特性及外形特点,分析和研究了敲击声振检测原理和现场检测的可行性。叶片出现脱层时,缺陷处刚度下降,敲击应力持续时间增大。依据此检测原理,计算出合理的等效锤头质量,利用压电薄膜作为动态冲击力传感器进行了力锤的结构设计;利用FPGA设计了便携式检测仪,对敲击信号进行信息提取和处理,计算敲击力脉冲信号的宽度,具有结果图形显示和串行通信的功能。经过实验,验证了脉冲宽度与损伤深度的关系。     

风力发电机组无线监测系统设计

针对目前风力发电机组有线监测系统安装、维护不便和监测点有限等问题,设计了一种基于Zig Bee的无线传感器网络监控系统。通过网关将Zig Bee协议转换成TCP/IP协议后,Zig Bee子网采集的数据,经光纤网络传送至中心服务器,并通过登陆界面来显示和控制无线监测系统,实现风力发电机组的智能化监测。测试表明:测量精度达到设计要求,实现高效率、高可靠性的监测,并通过Internet提供远程数据服务,进行离线数据分析和挖掘。     

涡轮轴疲劳试验器控制系统设计

在航空发动机研制过程中,对涡轮轴进行模拟加载疲劳试验是一项重要的工作。该试验用于验证涡轮轴设计、加工是否具有足够的强度和在寿命期具有足够的疲劳寿命。试验器电气控制系统采用计算机加数据采集控制多功能卡模式组成核心控制系统。电气控制系统采用NI公司的虚拟仪器软件LabWindows/CVI作为控制和人机界面(HMI)的编程软件。     

多孔介质模型在核电蒸汽发生器设计中的应用

对基于多孔介质模型开发的核电蒸汽发生器三维热工水力分析程序ATHOS进行介绍．并应用ATHOS对核电蒸汽发生器二次侧的复杂传热传质现象进行数值模拟。获得蒸汽发生器二次侧的流动换热状态,以及二次侧三维两相流场分布,分析结果可作为传热管流致振动、磨损分析及结构设计的输入数据。研究工作表明,多孔介质模型在核电蒸汽发生器设计中具有重要的应用价值。     

大机组油路的清洗

我国各大化肥装置的大机组油路或多或少存在着油路不净、流通不畅而严重威胁装置安全运行的事例。本文着重介绍了合成氨装置大机组公用油系统油路的清洗方法、步骤及效果等问题,以供借鉴。     

Steam gasification of an australian bituminous coal in a fluidized bed

To produce low calorific value gas, Australian coal has been gasified with air and steam in a fluidized bed reactor (0.1 m-I.Dx1.6 m-high) at atmospheric pressure. The effects of fluidizing gas velocity (2–5 U_f/U_mf), reaction temperature (750–900 °C), air/coal ratio (1.6-3.2), and steam/coal ratio (0.63–1.26) on gas composition, gas yield, gas calorific value of the product gas and carbon conversion have been determined. The calorific value and yield of the product gas, cold gas efficiency, and carbon conversion increase with increasing fluidization gas velocity and reaction temperature. With increasing air/coal ratio, carbon conversion, cold gas efficiency and yield of the product gas increase, but the calorific value of the product gas decreases. When steam/coal ratio is increased, cold gas efficiency, yield and calorific value of the product gas increase, but carbon conversion is little changed. Unburned carbon fraction of cyclone fine decreases with increasing fluidization gas velocity, reaction temperature and air/coal ratio, but is nearly constant with increasing steam/coal ratio. Overall carbon conversion decreases with increasing fluidization velocity and air/ coal ratio, but increases with increasing reaction temperature. The particle entrainment rate increases with increasing fluidization velocity, but decreases with increasing reaction temperature. This paper is dedicated to Professor Dong Sup Doh on the occasion of his retirement from Korea University.     

高水头混流式水轮机内部固液两相流数值分析

针对泥沙直径对混流式水轮机蜗壳和导水机构内部流场产生影响的问题进行了初步研究,采用固液两相流模型对某电站的高水头混流式水轮机进行了全流道数值模拟,通过单一变量法来研究不同来流泥沙的直径对蜗壳和导水机构内部压力及泥沙分布产生的影响。研究结果表明:与清水相比,含沙水流会不同程度地使蜗壳和导水机构内部的水压力载荷增加,在相同工况下,蜗壳底部、蜗壳鼻端、固定导叶和活动导叶头部的泥沙浓度较大;小直径下泥沙分布均匀,随着泥沙直径的增加,泥沙浓度的梯度变大,泥沙分布更加集中,从而会使磨损加剧。该研究成果可为在含沙水流中运行的水轮机设计提供参考。     

Reynolds number scaling of flow in a Rushton turbine stirred tank. Part I—Mean flow, circular jet and tip vortex scaling

We consider scaling of flow within a stirred tank with increasing Reynolds number. Experimental results obtained from two different tanks of diameter 152.5 and 292.1 mm, with a Rushton turbine operating at a wide range of rotational speeds stirring the fluid, are considered. The Reynolds number ranges from 4000 to about 78,000. Phase-locked stereoscopic PIV measurements on three different vertical planes close to the impeller give phase-averaged mean flow on a cylindrical surface around the impeller. The scaling of θ- and plane-averaged radial, circumferential and axial mean velocity components is first explored. A theoretical model for the impeller-induced flow is used to extract the strength and size of the three dominant elements of the mean flow, namely the circumferential flow, the jet flow and the pairs of tip vortices. The scaling of these parameters with Reynolds number for the two different tanks is then obtained. The plane-averaged mean velocity scales with the blade tip velocity above a Reynolds number of about 15,000. However, parameters associated with the jet and tip vortices do not become Reynolds number independence until Re exceeds about 10⁵. The results for the two tanks exhibit similar Reynolds number dependence, however, a perfect collapse is not observed, suggesting a sensitive dependence of the mean flow to the finer details of the impeller.     

Catalytic combustion over platinum group catalysts: fuel-lean versus fuel-rich operation

Performance data are presented for methane oxidation on alumina-supported Pd, Pt, and Rh catalysts under both fuel-rich and fuel-lean conditions. Catalyst activity was measured in a micro-scale isothermal reactor at temperatures between 300 and 800 °C. Non-isothermal (near adiabatic) temperature and reaction data were obtained in a full-length (non-differential) sub-scale reactor operating at high pressure (0.9 MPa) and constant inlet temperature, simulating actual reactor operation in catalytic combustion applications.

Under fuel-lean conditions, Pd catalyst was the most active, although deactivation occurred above 650 °C, with reactivation upon cooling. Rh catalyst also deactivated above 750 °C, but did not reactivate. Pt catalyst was active above 600 °C. Fuel-lean reaction products were CO₂ and H₂O for all three catalysts.

The same catalysts tested under fuel-rich conditions demonstrated much higher activity. In addition, a ‘lightoff’ temperature was found (between 450 and 600 °C), where a stepwise increase in reaction rate was observed. Following ‘lightoff’ partial oxidation products (CO, H₂) appeared in the mixture, and their concentration increased with increasing temperature. All three catalysts exhibited this behavior.

High-pressure (0.9 MPa) sub-scale reactor and combustor data are shown, demonstrating the benefits of fuel-rich operation over the catalyst for ultra-low emissions combustion.