表面完整性对FGH96粉末合金高温低循环疲劳性能的影响研究

采用陶瓷弹丸和铸钢丸+陶瓷丸为介质对FGH96合金车削表面进行喷丸强化,引入3种表面完整性状态。研究了一次喷丸、二次喷丸和车削状态下表面形貌、残余应力场和高温低循环疲劳寿命。结果表明:二次喷丸强化在消除车削刀痕和表面平均粗糙度增大的同时,引入了底部圆滑的弹坑,二次喷丸后Kurtosis值趋于3,但强度较小的一次喷丸仅能够部分消除刀痕;同时,一次喷丸和二次喷丸后,表面残余压应力由车削的-446 MPa,提高到-1000～-1100 MPa,二次喷丸后残余压应力场深度由车削的100μm提高到250μm,一次喷丸残余压应力场深度与车削状态相当。在二次喷丸良好的表面完整性作用下,在650℃,ε_t=1.2%的试验条件下,相比于车削状态,二次喷丸后疲劳寿命提高108%;相比之下,一次喷丸提高21%;喷丸后疲劳寿命分散度减小。经过断口宏微观观察和反推分析说明,3种表面完整性状态的疲劳扩展寿命很接近,造成疲劳寿命差别的主要原因是裂纹萌生差别,二次喷丸的裂纹萌生寿命分别是一次喷丸的221%,以及车削状态的216%。利用工艺手段优化表面完整性是提高FGH96合金表面完整性和低循环疲劳寿命的关键。     

表面电荷的调控对钛表面纤维连接蛋白吸附能力影响的研究

通过对钛片表面电荷的调控来改变纯钛表面的蛋白吸附能力,改善其生物学性能。将大颗粒喷砂酸蚀的样本分别浸泡在不同的溶液中,分别观察检测不同样本表面形貌及表面元素构成,各组样本的表面粗糙度,以及各组样本表面的电荷状况。最后检测各组样本的纤维连接蛋白吸附能力。结果表明,各组样本表面具有相似的表面形貌,不同组表面因为浸泡的液体不同其表面元素各不相同;各组样本的表面粗糙度无显著差异;而浸泡在氯化钙溶液中的钛片具有最高蛋白吸附能力(P0.01),而对照组大颗粒喷砂酸蚀组吸附能力最弱。将钛片浸泡在含有二价钙离子的氯化钙溶液中可以改变钛片表面的电荷状态,提升蛋白吸附能力,从而改善其生物学性能。     

脉冲电磁场辅助平面磁粒研磨加工试验

目的 在传统的平面磁粒研磨加工中添加脉冲辅助磁场,增大加工区域中磁感应强度和加工时磁感应强度动态变化,丰富磨料粒子在加工时的运动形式,使研磨轨迹复杂化,降低工件表面粗糙度,获得更好的工件表面形貌.方法 通过分析磨料粒子在有无辅助磁场时各自的受力情况,探究辅助磁场对磨料在加工时运动状态的影响,研究脉冲辅助磁场下磨料的运动...     

磨料水射流抛光技术及其发展

磨料水射流抛光技术是应用于表面抛光加工的新技术.利用含有细小磨料粒子的抛光液在高压作用下,与工件表面发生冲击、冲蚀而微去除材料,以达到抛光目的.论述了磨料水射流抛光技术的基本原理和特点,以及影响抛光效果的主要工艺参数,并对其发展趋势进行了展望.     

45Mn钢件表面电镀霉斑的形成原因分析

针对45Mn钢件表面电镀出现的霉斑现象,分析了钢板的化学成分、原始组织及表面质量.结果表明,钢的化学成分和微观组织未见异常,满足标准要求,但钢板表面粗糙、氧化脱碳严重,形成微裂纹是电镀不合格的主要原因.通过优化生产工艺,提高表面质量,可以避免电镀霉斑的形成.     

Encapsulation Efficiency of Food Flavours and Oils during Spray Drying

Microencapsulation is a rapidly expanding technology which is a unique way to package materials in the form of micro- and nano-particles, and has been well developed and accepted within the pharmaceutical, chemical, food and many other industries. Spray drying is the most commonly used encapsulation technique for food products. A successful spray drying encapsulation relies on achieving high retention of the core materials especially volatiles and minimum amounts of the surface oil on the powder particles for both volatiles and non-volatiles during the process and storage. The properties of wall and core materials and the prepared emulsion along with the drying process conditions will influence the efficiency and retention of core compounds. This review highlights the new developments in spray drying microencapsulation of food oils and flavours with an emphasis on the encapsulation efficiency during the process and different factors which can affect the efficiency of spray drying encapsulation.     

Improved photovoltaic performance of silicon nanowire/organic hybrid solar cells by incorporating silver nanoparticles

Silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays show an excellent light-trapping characteristic and high mobility for carriers. Surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be used to increase light scattering and absorption in solar cells. We fabricated a new kind of SiNW/organic hybrid solar cell by introducing AgNPs. Reflection spectra confirm the improved light scattering of AgNP-decorated SiNW arrays. A double-junction tandem structure was designed to manufacture our hybrid cells. Both short-circuit current and external quantum efficiency measurements show an enhancement in optical absorption of organic layer, especially at lower wavelengths.     

SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF ANIONIC SURFACTANT AND NONIONIC POLYMER ADDITIVES ON DRAG REDUCTION

Turbulent drag reduction (DR) behavior of mixed nonionic polymer and anionic surfactant solutions in water was studied in a pipeline set up to explore the synergic effects of mixed additives on DR. The concentration of polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO) was varied from 0 to 2000 ppm and the concentration of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was varied from 0 to 5000 ppm. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC), where the interaction between the polymer and the surfactant begins, and the polymer saturation point (PSP), where the polymer molecules become saturated with the surfactant, were determined using electrical conductivity and surface tension measurements. As the polymer concentration was increased the CAC decreased but the PSP increased. The relative viscosity showed a remarkable increase upon the addition of surfactant to the polymer solution due to extension of polymer chains caused by the formation of micelles on the backbone of the polymer molecules. The data exhibited a considerable increase in DR in the case of mixed polymer/surfactant systems. The percent reduction in friction factor was as high as 79 when 3000 ppm or more surfactant was added to the 500 ppm polymer solution. Furthermore, the drag reduction behavior of the polymer solution changed from so-called Type A to Type B. In Type A drag reduction, a transition from laminar to turbulent regime is observed with a clear-cut onset point. In Type B drag reduction, no transition or onset point is observed; the data fall on a gradual extension of the laminar line.     

城市地表径流中持久性有机污染物的迁移机制

持久性有机污染物（POPs）具有环境稳定性、蓄积性等特点。在城市地表径流中,其迁移能力与径流中的颗粒物的性质与POPs本身性质、土地利用情况、排水条件、管理方式和降水条件等因素密切相关。针对国内外的研究结果总结了影响POPs在城市地表径流迁移中的受影响因素,分析了不同径流粒子的影响情况、城市绿地净化作用、管理方式以及降水过程对POPs的迁移影响。     

铝锆酸酯偶联剂对超微碳酸钙表面性能的影响

用铝锆酸酯偶联剂对超微碳酸钙粉体进行表面改性。讨论了改性前后超微碳酸钙的润湿性、沉降体积、糊粘度、吸油率等表面性质的变化。结果表明：改性的超微碳酸钙与水的接触角增大,能很好地分散在有机介质中,糊粘度减小,吸油率减小,适合用于塑料和橡胶。