基于灰色关联度分析响应面法的橡胶软模端面抛磨表面粗糙度预测

为解决复合材料加筋壁板上筋条与蒙皮配合间隙不均匀的问题,需在刚模表面上粘贴橡胶软模,并通过抛磨橡胶软模来消除配合间隙,然而,若打磨参数选择不当,则橡胶软模表面易起毛,致使粗糙度值过大,易吸附磨屑粉尘。针对上述问题,搭建了一套基于机器人的橡胶材料除尘端面打磨系统,探究了磨粒粒度、磨头转速、打磨压力、离边距离等打磨参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律。提出一种基于灰色关联度分析响应面法的机器人橡胶垫抛磨表面粗糙度预测方法,建立了橡胶材料打磨后粗糙度Ra值的预测模型,该模型的拟合系数R2值为0.9878,表明模型拟合效果好。使用该模型计算出的Ra预测值与观测值的均方根误差为0.014 47,验证了模型预测的有效性。基于预测模型,获得粗糙度Ra值最小（3.3 μm）的参数组合为：磨头转速4158.9 r/min、抛磨压力38.4 N、离边距离30 mm。     

地裂缝段地铁隧道施工的地表沉降控制技术研究

地裂缝土体结构破碎,地下水活动较强烈,围岩稳定性差,给地铁施工造成隐患。通过采用深孔注浆技术结合隧道内拱顶沉降以及隧道净空收敛的监测与其数据分析,确保了地铁隧道的安全施工,说明了该种施工方法和监测技术在地铁施工中的可靠性,并为城市地铁设计施工提供参考。     

飞行时间二次离子质谱对矿物表面性质的研究

随着易选矿石的逐步枯竭,低品位、嵌布粒度细等难选矿石的开发利用已成必然趋势。目前,矿物加工已经从实践生产阶段发展到了理论研究指导实践生产的阶段,因此具有分辨率高、信息量大、灵敏快速以及样品用量少等特点的矿物表层研究方法来支撑理论研究是必不可少的。飞行时间二次离子质谱法(TOF-SIMS)是近年来在矿物加工中使用较多的一种矿物表面化学分析方法,具有表面质谱、化学成像、深度剖析、快速灵敏及数据精准的优点,因此总结归纳了近年来TOF-SIMS在矿物加工中应用取得的成果,以期为学者提供可靠的理论依据及技术支持。     

金属矿山地下水零排放技术方法研究

在地下水超采区域内疏干排水采矿将会加剧地下水降落漏斗的扩展、严重破坏区域内地下水生态环境。金属矿山地下水零排放关键技术体系,针对矿山防治水与矿区地下水生态环境综合治理领域所面临的技术难题进行系统性研究,提出了包括采用帷幕注浆、井巷地表预注浆和矿坑水回灌等技术措施的系统方案,并针对其中重要技术参数进行了系统地研究。依托位于邯邢百泉泉域的典型大水矿山中关铁矿进行了实践,取得矿坑水零排放的理想效果,其技术体系原理、技术方法等对于解决国内外大水型矿山面临的紧迫难题提供借鉴。     

覆岩离层产生机理及离层充填控制地表沉陷技术的工程实施

简要介绍了覆岩离层充填方法的技术原理 ,探讨了覆岩离层产生机理、离层分布规律及其影响因素 ,分析了离层充填控制地表沉陷技术的工程实施要点 ,所得结论对该技术的设计、施工与应用具有参考和指导意义     

Micellization of Anionic Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants and Their Interactions With Anionic Polyacrylamide

Anionic sulfonate gemini surfactants 8‐s‐8(SO₃)₂ and 12‐s‐12(SO₃)₂ (s = 3, 6) were synthesized, and their micellization in aqueous solution at 25.0 °C and pH 9 was investigated. The results show that the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of 8‐s‐8(SO₃)₂ are more than 2 orders of magnitude larger than those of 12‐s‐12(SO₃)₂, but the spacer length has a relatively small impact on the CMC. Moreover, the interactions of n‐s‐n(SO₃)₂ (n = 8, 12; s = 3, 6) with anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) at 25.0 °C and pH 9 were investigated using surface tensiometry, rheolgy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the surface tension and rheological properties of PAM depend on the concentration of n‐s‐n(SO₃)₂. Below the critical aggregation concentration of C₁, surface tension is sharply reduced, the surface tension of n‐s‐n(SO₃)₂/PAM is lower than n‐s‐n(SO₃)₂ alone, but viscosity is almost unchanged with increasing C_{n‐s‐n(SO3)2}. Above C₁, surface tension reduces very slowly until the saturated concentration of C₂ is reached. Above C₂, surface tension rapidly reduces until C_M is attained, suggesting free n‐s‐n(SO₃)₂ micelles begin to form. In the region of C₁–C_M, the viscosity significantly increases. Above C_M, surface tension is basically unchanged and these curves coincide with those of the single surfactant system. Moreover, the viscosity is almost constant. The SEM images indicate that fibrous aggregates are formed below C₁, then transformed into multilayer fibrous aggregates above C₁, and further into fiber‐braided‐structured and spider‐web‐structured aggregates above C_M. The variation of viscosity is closely associated with the transformation of aggregates.     

Micellar Properties of Surface Active Ionic Liquid Lauryl Isoquinolinium Bromide and Anionic Polyelectrolyte Poly(Acrylic Acid Sodium Salt) in Aqueous Solution

The complex formation between anionic polyelectrolyte poly(acrylic acid sodium salt) [NaPAA] and surface active ionic liquid (SAIL) lauryl isoquinolinium bromide [C₁₂iQuin][Br] in aqueous media has been investigated by surface tension, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and conductance. The self‐assembled structures have been characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and turbidity measurements. A range of surface parameters have been calculated from tensiometric measurements including critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess concentration (Γ_cmc), surface pressure at the interface (Π_cmc), minimum area occupied at air–solvent interface (A_min), adsorption efficiency (pC₂₀), and surface tension at the CMC (γ_cmc). The thermodynamic parameters, i.e., standard enthalpy of micellization , standard free energy of micellization (), and standard entropy of micellization () have also been evaluated. Four different stages of transitions, corresponding to the progressive formation of NaPAA–[C₁₂iQuin][Br] complex (C₁)_, critical aggregation concentration (CAC), critical saturation concentration (C₃) and CMC have been observed owing to strong electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The results obtained from DLS and turbidity measurements show that size of the aggregates first decreases and then increases in the presence of polyelectrolyte. The binding isotherms obtained using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) show the concentration dependence as well as the highly cooperative nature of interactions corresponding to formation of polyelectrolyte–SAIL complexes.     

氮原子在钨低指数表面上的吸附和振动

应用原子和表面簇合物相互作用的5参数Morse势法(5-MP)对N-W低指数表面体系进行了研究,并获得了全部临界点特性以及3个面的势能面.计算结果表明:在低覆盖度下,N原子优先吸附在W(100)面的四重洞位H,获得62 meV的垂直振动频率;在W(110)面上只存在三重洞位H3的稳定吸附态,垂直振动频率为43 meV;在W(111)面上最稳定的吸附位为赝式三重位H3,垂直振动频率为79 meV.     

能源微藻表面特性对其气浮采收效率的影响

选取小球藻与鱼腥藻为代表藻种,结合微藻的表面特性与XDLVO理论,研究了影响微藻浮选采收的关键因素,根据微藻表面的电负性,用阳离子表面活性剂C16TAB浮选两种藻.结果表明,pH为4~10时,两种藻的Zeta电位在-6.72~-15.01 m V之间,均显电负性;小球藻的黏附自由能为1.21 m J/m2,显亲水性,鱼腥藻的黏附自由能为-55.85 m J/m2,显疏水性.相同条件下,疏水性的鱼腥藻回收率始终高于亲水性的小球藻.小球藻和鱼腥藻在Zeta电位最大的pH处(分别为7和8)富集比最高(分别为12.45和1.3),而回收率在pH=10时最高,表明由于液膜的排液行为,回收率和富集比无法同时达到最大值.C16TAB对微藻表面疏水性有修饰作用,加入80 mg/L C16TAB后,小球藻疏水率从19%提高到64%,回收率提高了67.38%.     

The catalytic activity and surface characterization of Ln2B2O7 (Ln=Sm, Eu, Gd and Tb; B=Ti or Zr) with pyrochlore structure as novel CH4 combustion catalyst

Ln₂B₂O₇ (Ln=Sm, Eu, Gd and Tb; B=Zr or Ti) with pyrochlore structure was prepared by sol–gel method for the high-temperature catalytic combustion. The crystal structure of Ln₂B₂O₇ was identified by XRD and their surface area was about 4 m²/g after calcinations at 1200 °C. Catalytic activity of methane combustion was observed for Ln₂Zr₂O₇ series and the best catalyst was Sm₂Zr₂O₇. Its relative reaction rate per unit surface area at 600 °C was 2 cm³/m² min, which was twice higher than that of Mn-substituted Sr hexaaluminate. From surface analysis by XPS, the low binding energy of each Ln element of Ln₂Zr₂O₇ compared to that of Ln₂Ti₂O₇, gave the catalytic activity of methane combustion.