部分糊化淀粉浆液黏度与浆液性能相关性分析

探讨部分糊化淀粉浆液黏度对浆液性能影响的规律。以玉米淀粉为原料,采用蒸汽升温方式分别在62℃~67℃制备了6种不同黏度的部分糊化淀粉浆液,对浆液的黏度、糊化度、结晶度、粒径和膨胀势进行测试,并应用SPSS统计软件的相关分析与线性回归分析功能对测试结果进行了相关性分析。结果表明:部分糊化淀粉浆液的黏度与结晶度呈负相关,结晶度随黏度的增大而降低;黏度与平均粒径、膨胀势呈极显著正相关,平均粒径和膨胀势值均随黏度的增加而明显增大;黏度与平均粒径、膨胀势呈明显的线性关系。认为通过相关性分析可以建立起部分糊化淀粉浆液的评价分析方法,运用此方法,可以直观、有效地对部分糊化淀粉浆液黏度性质进行评价分析。     

新型核壳结构体膨堵漏剂STP的研究

由于目前普遍使用的桥塞堵漏剂在变形性和膨胀性方面都还存在较大的缺陷,因此开发出了新型体膨堵漏剂STP.该堵漏剂采取核壳结构模式,其核物质采用无机矿物质,可以增加堵漏剂的强度、调节堵漏剂的密度,且来源广泛便于控制成本;其壳物质采用了水溶性单体和疏水性单体共聚形成两亲互穿式网络聚合物结构,表面采用感温类疏水物质进一步改性,解决聚合体吸水无限膨胀与抗温的技术问题;其粒径可根据实际需要做任意加工处理,其膨胀性受颗粒大小的影响程度小,在0～3 h期间可持续膨胀,体积膨胀倍数可达到4～8倍,颗粒密度可根据需要在1.20～1.67 g/cm3范围内调整;可通过控制不同的碱量来控制膨胀体的膨胀倍数和膨胀速度,可利用井内温度提高膨胀量,与常规综合堵漏剂配合使用能大幅度减少漏失量和提高承压能力.     

Inhibition effect of swelling characteristics of expansive soil using cohesive non-swelling soil layer under unidirectional seepage

Cohesive non-swelling soil (CNS) cushion technology is widely used to solve swelling deformation problems in expansive soil areas. However, the swelling inhibition mechanism is still not fully understood. In this study, the inhibition effect on expansive soil using a CNS layer was studied by performing five types of laboratory model tests under unidirectional seepage. The results showed that CNS cushion technology produced a sound inhibition effect on the swelling characteristics of expansive soil. It was shown that the cations in the CNS layer moved downward and accumulated on the surface of solids and produced an electrical environment inside the expansive soil. In this process, the adsorbed hydrated cations participated in ion exchange with the expansive soil, leading to the modification effect on its swelling potential. Meanwhile, the adsorbed water membrane surrounding the expansive soil aggregates formed by the hydrated cations obstructed further adsorption of water molecules, which inhibited the swelling development of expansive soil. Therefore, the swelling inhibition mechanism can be attributed to three factors: (i) modification effect, (ii) electrical environment, and (iii) deadweight of the CNS layer. The combined contribution of modification effect and electrical environment can be considered as an electric charge effect, which mainly controls the swelling characteristics of expansive soil.     

Swelling pressure characteristics of compacted Chinese Gaomiaozi bentonite GMZ01

Gaomiaozi bentonite (GMZ01) has been decided upon as the first option for use as buffer/backfill materials in the deep disposal of high-level radioactive waste in China. The basic functions of the materials used in the waste repositories request among others a sufficient swelling pressure and low hydraulic conductivity in order to provide long-term stability to the barrier system under environmental pressure and behavior of the waste loads. As such, it is necessary to investigate the influence of initial dry density on the swelling properties of Gaomiaozi bentonite (GMZ01) in order to achieve better design of buffer/backfill materials. In this study the swelling pressure of GMZ01 has been studied and analyzed by multi and one-step wetting constant volume tests with five different dry densities (1.15, 1.35, 1.50, 1.60 and 1.75 mg/m³). Results show that swelling pressure changes with time nonlinearly, while there is a linear relationship between time/swelling pressure and time. Curves of swelling pressure and the amount of absorbed water varying with time can be classified into typical phases. For the GMZ01 tested here, the initial dry density is an important factor influencing the swelling pressure. The results show that there is an exponential relationship between swelling pressure and dry density. Moreover, comparison was done between the experimental swelling pressure results of used GMZ bentonite in this study and other bentonites cited in literature: (i) other GMZ׳s and (ii) different types of bentonites proposed as buffer/backfill materials (i.e., MX80, Kunigel, Montigel, and Calcigel). The effect on the microstructure of the density and the wetting under the constant volume condition (after the swelling pressure test) has been investigated by studying the results of pore size distribution for GMZ01 by using the mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test and the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) photos. Finally, two different theoretical concepts were used to estimate the swelling pressure (the modified DDL and thermodynamics approaches). The results of the two methods show that the swelling pressure results compare relatively well with the experimental data for the GMZ bentonite.     

Experimental investigation of the swelling/shrinkage of a hydride bed in a cell during hydrogen absorption/desorption cycles

The storage of hydrogen in hydride materials is currently much researched as a mean of energy storage. This reversible storage is achieved by successive hydriding and dehydriding reactions. During these reactions, the material undergoes structural transformations which result in swelling of the hydride powder grains due to the absorption of hydrogen. This phenomenon can generate major mechanical stresses on the cell containing the hydride. The present experimental study examines the cyclic swelling of a granular bed consisting of hydride Ti–Cr–V + Zr–Ni. Two superimposed phenomena are identified: a cyclic rearrangement causing a reduction and then an increase in porosity coupled with gradual densification of the stack.     

S135钻杆内螺纹接头胀扣失效分析

本文对某油井发生的Ф127mmS135钻杆内螺纹接头胀扣失效事故进行了调研，并对其胀扣失效原因进行分析。结果表明，钻杆接头的材质符合行业标准要求；钻杆内螺纹接头胀扣失效的原因是外螺纹接头密封台肩面倒角直径过小，井下钻柱扭矩过大。内螺纹接头密封台肩面承受的接触压力超过材料屈服强度，导致内螺纹接头密封台肩面下陷，外螺纹接头密封台肩面进入内螺纹接头镗孔段，致使内螺纹接头发生胀扣失效。     

Gas migration properties through a bentonite/argillite interface

Among diversified industrial uses, see for instance Koch [Koch, Appl. Clay Sci., (21) 2002], and following positive in situ experiments, compacted bentonite blocks are potential candidates for sealing nuclear waste repositories, thanks to their swelling ability in a wet environment.As requested by Andra (French Agency for Nuclear Waste Management) and complementarily to in situ experiments, an original experimental laboratory set-up was designed in order to reproduce the introduction and swelling of bentonite plugs inside an argillite host rock. Once the argillite/bentonite interface is established, an increase in storage tunnel gas pressure is simulated and the interface gas migration pressure (or gas critical pressure) is evaluated. More precisely, a first experimental set-up provides bentonite swelling pressure and kinetics (i.e. mainly hydraulic cut-off, time to reach asymptotic swelling pressure and value of asymptotic swelling pressure) at given initial compaction and saturation rate. This phase is preparatory to reproducing the introduction and subsequent swelling of a bentonite plug inside the argillite host rock, which uses a similar test rig. Experimental results of water permeability and gas critical pressure are provided for MX80 compacted bentonite associated to Bure Callovo-Oxfordian argillite.     

Swelling and deswelling transition of water-soluble poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) by a method of blob rescaling

The transition behavior of swelling and deswelling of water-soluble poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) was calculated by adecorated UNIQUAC model with blob concept. The deswelling behavior of hydrogels at high temperatures was also reported with shrinking volumes during the transition. Polymer chains were scaled within a directly interacting size as blobs, which are composed of a segmentalized polymer chain and solvent molecules and counted blobs of hypothetical components or segments. The interaction parameters of bulks, UNIQUAC interaction parameters, were approximated with temperature-independent site interaction energies following the blob renormalization transformation. The swelling gel transition volume at each given temperature was calculated with the decorated UNIQUAC model. The blob rescaling model successfully described the first order transition of swelling-deswelling behaviors. This paper is dedicated to Dr. Youn Yong Lee on the occasion of his retirement from Korea Institute of Science and Technology.     

Development of local injectable dental gel: the influence of certain additives on physicochemical properties of glycerylmonooleate-based formulations

The current research study is based on the design and development of a sol-gel biodegradable controlled-release formulation for use in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Glycerylmonooleate (GMO) was used as a main composition in the gel base. The influence of various additives, e.g., glycerylmonostearate (GMS), methylcellulose (MC), surfactants, and triglycerides, in GMO formulations on rheologic and swelling properties and release characteristics was described. It was demonstrated that the surfactants and triglycerides affected rheologic behavior, whereas GMS and MC influenced both rheologic and swelling properties of the bases. The release study revealed that drug released from the gel bases depended on the square root of time. The kinetics can be explained by the Higuchi's diffusion theory. Some polyols could enhance drug release from the gel. The stability results suggested that the dental gels obtained should be kept in the low temperature range.