传播介质特性对爆破震动信号分析中小波包时频特征的影响

传播介质是指爆破震动赖以向外传播的地层介质 ,其基本特征是影响爆破震动时频分布的主要因素之一。当传播介质中有爆破震动通过时 ,其动态响应将会因其原地结构的不同而在响应持续时间、频谱、响应的衰减等特征方面均有较大差异。本文利用岩体 (岩土混合体 )基本质量指标BQ值以及完整性系数Kv 来量化传播介质特性。通过对不同岩层地质条件下产生的爆破震动进行小波包分析 ,探讨了传播介质特性量化参数与爆破震动时频分布之间的关系。研究中发现 ,传播介质特性对单段波形小波包细节信号的主振频带分布、峰值质点振速及衰减阻尼比等时频特征参数均有较大影响 ,其中主振频带分布范围随着传播介质的完整性系数Kv 值减小而增大 ,优势频率值随完整性系数Kv 值减小而增加 ,而峰值质点振速及衰减阻尼比与完整性系数Kv 值之间的规律性不强     

Production of biodiesel from waste fryer grease using mixed methanol/ethanol system

Transesterification of waste fryer grease (WFG) containing 5–6 wt.% free fatty acid (FFA) was carried out with methanol, ethanol, and mixtures of methanol/ethanol maintaining the oil to alcohol molar ratio of 1:6, and initially with KOH as a catalyst. Mixtures of methanol and ethanol were used for transesterification in order to use the better solvent property of ethanol and rapid equilibrium using methanol. Formation of soap by reaction of FFA present in WFG with KOH instigated difficulty in the separation of glycerol from biodiesel ester. To untangle this problem, two-stage (acid and alkali catalyzed) method was used for biodiesel synthesis. More than 90% ester was obtained when two-stage method was used compared to ∼ 50% ester in single stage alkaline catalyst. In the case of mixed alcohol, a relatively smaller amount of ethyl esters was formed along with methyl esters. Acid value, viscosity, and cetane number of all the esters prepared from WFG were within the range of the ASTM standard. Esters obtained from WFG showed good performance as a lubricity additive.     

IP网络资源调度与接纳控制技术研究

从IP QoS技术的研究现状出发,结合IETF的研究成果与电信网NGN的技术发展方向,阐述基于策略的端到端接纳控制框架的技术原理,在各大标准组织的技术框架内,给出一个具体的、切实可行的实现方法。     

Prediction of fire classification for wood based products. A multivariate statistical approach based on the cone calorimeter

Wood has long traditions as a building material, and is often used in construction elements, and as interior and exterior surfaces in the Nordic countries. In most applications, there are reaction to fire requirements to products used as surfaces, e.g. in escape routes and larger public spaces. Most wood products will therefore have to be treated with fire retardant (FR) agents to fulfil the strict requirements to properties connected to heat release and flame spread. Unfortunately, FR agents usually also increase the smoke production, as they cause a more incomplete combustion of the wood. The wood product manufacturers seek to find the optimal amount of FR additives where both heat release and smoke production in the classifying test are within the requirements given in the building regulations. This paper describes models for prediction of the European reaction to fire classes of wood products. The models are based on multivariate statistical analysis, and use test results from the cone calorimeter test as input. The presented models are, with very good precision, able to predict which Euroclass and additional smoke class a wood based product would obtain if it were to be tested in the single burning item test. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

变异函数在进间砂体预测中的应用

应用变异函数探讨了砂体的定量预测问题。通过对北二东密井网试验区不同类型砂体，不同井网密和岩厚度的预测，检验了此方法的精度（为70％左右），在原方法的基础上，通过对预报精度的分析并结合精度地质研究进一步完善了该方法，提出二次建模法并应用于北二东西块聚驱井的砂岩厚度预测中，预测精度可提高5％以上，从而说明应用变异函数研究砂体的定量预测问题具有可借鉴性，可以为今后新井调整厚度的预测及砂体描述提供依据。     

Polymorphisme du dioxotriplomb (II) tetraoxosulfate (VI) Pb3O2(SO4) a basse temperature. II - Etude structurale de la phase ferroelastique gamma-Pb3O2 (SO4) par diffraction neutronique sur poudres a 2 et 45K

Full-profile neutron powder diffraction structure refinements of dioxotrilead(II)tetraoxosulfate(VI) at 2 and 45K reveal that both the alpha- and the gamma-Pb₃O₂ (SO₄) polymorphs have to be refined simultaneously at these temperatures. Accordingly, the paraelastic alpha phase is trapped in the ferroelastic gamma phase, yielding thus mixtures of both compounds in a nearly 1:1 molar ratio. Both structures are essentially similar. The slight variations of the lead-oxygen distances in the infinite edge-sharing tetrahedral (Pb₃ O₂)n double-chains force the sulfate group to adopt nearly C3v and C2v site symmetries respectively in the alpha and gamma phases. The present work is a good example of the behaviour of the DBW3.2 program (1) when mixtures of very similar structures are refined simultaneously (high correlation between some structural parameters).     

建筑师难以出精品之原因分析

指出当今建筑业良好的市场给建筑师们提供了展示自己作品的广大空间 ,但其精品却为之甚少。为此 ,对建筑业存在的一些问题及制约建筑师出精品的主、客观因素进行了分析 ,指出建筑师应提高自身素质 ,树立精品意识 ,增强市场竞争能力     

对异常高压层厚度划分问题的探讨

通过对喇嘛甸油田800多口聚合物井、更新井的厚度划分及对15口井的异常高压层处理的实例，根据异常高压层在电测曲线上的反映特征，准确地将异常高压层识别出来，并采用本井上下相似层对比法、周围邻井砂体预测分析法、新老标准相结合法等综合分析判断方法，正确地划分异常高压层的厚度，将漏划或少划的厚度补划上。给后续的油层对比、水淹层解释、射孔方案的编制及动态、开发综合方案的调整提供准确的基础数据，并为套管损坏的防治、新钻井的异常高压层厚度解释提供了可借鉴的依据。     

rried out. The Lagrange multipliers are

boundary conditions. A cell structure which is independent to the nodes is used to evaluate the integrals of EFG     

声波在多层介质中传播的四端参数模型应用分析研究

声波在两种介质的交界面透射和反射时 ,借鉴机械四端参数法 ,利用声学边界条件 ,引入了四端参数矩阵 ,建立四端参数模型。通过对四端参数矩阵的分析 ,探讨了在简谐平面波垂直入射的条件下 ,声波在多层介质中的传播特性 ,并推导出声透射系数和声反射系数的一般计算公式。