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31.
Poly(N-vinyl-carbazole) (PVK) thin films doped with bromine has been studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared absorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron spin resonance (ESR), optical transmission (visible, near ultra violet) and conductivity measurements. The polymer has been doped at room temperature and at 373 K. It is shown by ESR, XPS and optical measurements that a charge transfer complex (CT-complex) is formed between PVK and Br. However, if some bromine acts as dopant of the polymer there is another bromine contribution, which corresponds to bromine covalently bonded to PVK and some only adsorbed. It is also shown by ESR that there is not only polymer doping by bromine but also some partial polymer degradation. Therefore, it can be said that the optimum doping condition of PVK thin films with bromine has been shown to be room temperature post-doping. 相似文献
32.
铝合金薄板尖边缘缺口试样的机械加工方法及缺口敏感性测试 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
李行旦 《有色金属材料与工程》1994,15(5):286-293
介绍高强度铝合金薄板的尖边缘缺口拉伸试样的机械加工方法,用该方法制备的仿美7075、美制7075、国产LC4、LC9、LY12、LB733等6种铝合金16种热处理状态下的EN试样,其内率半径R满足了ASTME338-68标准方法中Rmax0.018毫米的要求,并且达到R<0.010毫米的特高精度。同时,还对仿美7075、美制7075、国产LC4的6种热处理状态下的缺口敏感性和宏观断口、以及选择仿美7075、LY12对扫描断口形态进行了研究。 相似文献
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34.
Untextured bulk polycrystals usually possess macroscopically isotropic elastic properties whereas for most thin films transvers isotropy is expected,owing to the limited dimenionlity .The usually applied models for the calculation of elstic constants of polycrystals from single crystal elastic contants(so-called grain interaction models)erroneously predict macroscopic isotropy for an(untextured) thin film.This paper presents a summary of recent work where it has been demonstrated for the first time by X-ray diffraction analysis of stresses in thin films that elastic grain interaction can lead to macroscopically anisotropic behaviour (shown by non-linear sin^2φ plots).A new grain interaction model,predictin the macroscopically anisotropic behaviour of thin films,is proposed. 相似文献
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36.
T. Xu J. Stevens J.A. Villa J.T. Goldbach K.W. Guarini C.T. Black C.J. Hawker T.P. Russell 《Advanced functional materials》2003,13(9):698-702
Thin films of block copolymers have been used as templates and scaffolds for the fabrication of arrays of nanostructured materials. In general, a chemical modification of the film or the removal of one of the components by photodegradative methods is required to produce a nanoporous film that serves as a template or scaffold. Here, however, the preferential interaction of one of the components with a solvent is shown to produce a reconstruction of the block copolymer film that, upon drying, leads to the generation of a nanoporous template. The area density of the pores is identical to that of the original copolymer thin film. Since no chemical reactions occurr, the process is fully reversible. Upon heating the copolymer film above its glass‐transition temperature, mobility is imparted to the copolymer and the original copolymer film with oriented domains is recovered. The film reconstruction significantly simplifies the generation of nanoporous templates. 相似文献
37.
I. Hole T. Tybell J. K. Grepstad I. Wrnhus T. Grande K. Wiik 《Solid-state electronics》2003,47(12):2279
Heteroepitaxial LaFeO3(1 1 0) thin films with a thickness of 150 nm were grown on LaAlO3(0 0 1) by reactive sputtering in an inverted cylindrical magnetron geometry. Equilibrium conductivity was measured as a function of partial pressure of oxygen at T=1000 °C, and logσ plotted vs. logP(O2) showed a minimum in conductivity for P(O2)=10−11 atm and a linear response between 10−10 and 1 atm. This linear response makes thin films of LaFeO3 a promising material for oxygen sensor applications. We have also measured the time response of the film conductivity upon an abrupt change in the partial pressure of ambient oxygen from 10−2 to 10−3 atm, which was determined at 60 s for T=700 °C and <3.5 s at T=1000 °C. 相似文献
38.
By integrating lithography and self‐assembly via electrohydrodynamic instabilities, Russel and co‐workers are able to guide initially flat polymer films to evolve into periodic arrays of pillars over regions much greater in extent than their natural domain sizes, as detailed on p. 1992. Novel structures that involve a combination of linear ridges and pillars are also produced, mainly as as result of the dynamic merging among preformed pillars. To pattern thin polymer films via electrohydrodynamic instabilities, we design and utilize two different kinds of mask patterns to guide pillars into alignment over regions much greater in extent than their natural domain sizes. First, narrow protruding ridges that intersect to form regular patterns on the mask trigger the growth of pillars beneath. Later, square and triangular packings of pillars develop in the regions enclosed by those ridges, preserving the registry from one domain to the next over a much larger area than within individual domains in unpatterned portions of the mask. Second, small square protrusions that are prealigned into a large regular array on the mask guide the formation of square packings of pillars in domains that conform to the mask, forming a large array of pillars. Novel structures involving a combination of linear ridges and pillars are also produced mainly due to the dynamic merging among preformed pillars. Finally, we find vertex symmetry of the mask pattern is necessary for generating and preserving ordered patterns on the polymer film. 相似文献
39.
双辊式薄带连铸工艺研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
进行了双辊法薄带连铸的试验研究。阐述了双辊连铸机浇注系统的研究结果、工艺参数对连铸的影响,以及18—8不锈钢薄带坯的凝固组织和冷轧特性,该工作为薄带连铸的中间生产机组的研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
40.
When freshly etched samples of various types of copper were exposed in moderately acid, aerated chloride solutions, two phenomena were observed. First the corrosion potential and the pH of the solution decreased over a shorter time, then the potential increased over a long period (600-1500 min), following an s-shaped pattern. Increase in pH during the second stage was avoided using a pH-stat. The corrosion rate increased little or not at all over the entire period. A tentative interpretation of the short-term behaviour is presented with some reservation. The long-term development of the potential suggests phase formation or transformation following the Avrami pattern. By suitable derivations it was possible to fit the development of potentials to the Avrami equation. Subsequent examinations by Auger spectroscopy proved the presence of thin layers of Cu2O on the copper surfaces, increasing in thickness with exposure time. The dissolution kinetics can be described in terms of two parallel electrochemical reactions and a simultaneous non-electrochemical dissolution reaction. 相似文献