提高真空制盐产量的有效途径

通过对制盐生产实际问题的改造及分析，找出影响制盐生产的各种因素及相互关系，并在实际中解决、控制，从而有效地提高制盐生产的产量，降低消耗，促进制盐企业生产技术水平的发展。     

Involvement of Clostridium gasigenes and C. algidicarnis in 'blown pack' spoilage of Brazilian vacuum-packed beef

The objectives of this study were to isolate psychrotrophic clostridia from Brazilian vacuum-packed beef cuts (spoiled or not) and to identify the isolates by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Anaerobic psychrotrophic microorganisms were also enumerated and samples were collected to verify the incidence of psychrotrophic clostridia in the abattoir environment. Vacuum-packed beef cuts (n = 8 grossly distended and n = 5 non-spoiled) and environmental samples were obtained from a beef packing plant located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Each sample was divided in three subsamples (exudate, beef surface and beef core) that were analyzed for vegetative forms, total spore-forming, and sulfide reducing spore-forming, both activated by alcohol and heat. Biochemical profiles of the isolates were obtained using API20A, with further identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The growth temperature and the pH range were also assessed. Populations of psychrotrophic anaerobic vegetative microorganisms of up to 10¹⁰ CFU/(g, mL or 100 cm²) were found in ‘blown pack’ samples, while in non-spoiled samples populations of 10⁵ CFU/(g, CFU/mL or CFU/100cm²) was found. Overall, a higher population of total spores and sulfide reducing spores activated by heat in spoiled samples was found. Clostridium gasigenes (n = 10) and C. algidicarnis (n = 2) were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Among the ten C. gasigenes isolates, six were from spoiled samples (C1, C2 and C9), two were isolated from non-spoiled samples (C4 and C5) and two were isolated from the hide and the abattoir corridor/beef cut conveyor belt. C. algidicarnis was recovered from spoiled beef packs (C2). Although some samples (C3, C7, C10 and C14) presented signs of ‘blown pack’ spoilage, Clostridium was not recovered. C. algidicarnis (n = 1) and C. gasigenes (n = 9) isolates have shown a psychrotrophic behavior, grew in the range 6.2-8.2. This is the first report on the isolation of psychrotrophic Clostridium (C. gasigenes and C. algidicarnis) in Brazil. This study shows that psychrotrophic Clostridium may pose a risk for the stability of vacuum-packed beef produced in tropical countries during shelf-life and highlights the need of adopting control measures to reduce their incidence in abattoir and the occurrence of ‘blown pack’ spoilage.     

保香低温速溶红茶粉的研发

为了解决速溶茶粉的滋味淡、香气低、冷溶性差等问题,该试验以红茶为原料,采用高压脉冲电场（Pulsed Electric Field,PEF）技术辅助提取和杀菌,并结合冷冻浓缩和真空冷冻干燥联合真空吸附干燥法生产速溶红茶粉,使得整个加工工艺都在低温状态下完成。试验结果表明,高压脉冲电场技术有助于提高红茶的提取率,冷冻浓缩和高压脉冲电场杀菌能够有效保持茶汤的色、香、味;真空冷冻干燥联合真空吸附干燥后所得的速溶红茶粉的得率为22.7%,且其冷溶性高,滋味鲜浓而醇厚,香气高而纯正,汤色红艳明亮,无沉淀。     

塔形连续式真空干燥设备节能方向的分析

以塔形连续真空干燥设备为研究对象,从传热、设备结构、配套装置和能源利用的角度分析节能减排的方向与途经。     

基于弹性法真空预压沉降计算的探讨

以弹性理论为基础,探讨了立足于真空预压加固机理的变形计算方法,推导出奇异积分的处理方法,并通过算例Matlab编程验证弹性法在真空预压沉降计算中的可行性,以便形成荷载附加系数的表格,方便工程中直接查表使用。     

常见沉降预测方法在软基堆载预压实例中的应用比较

运用常用沉降预测方法中的双曲线法、沉降速率法和沉降差法,对应用堆载预压处理的桌仓库软土地基进行沉降预测.结果显示沉降差法在三者中效果最好,且方法本身有较好的稳定性,沉降速率法效果也比较好,只是参数的取值对结果精确性有较大影响;而双曲线法本身要求长时间沉降监测,在获得尽可能长的沉降监测资料情况下它也能达到比较好的精度,但...     

某围海造陆地基处理技术探讨

结合某围海造陆地基处理工程中遇到的淤泥抱团现象,提出几点设想,供以后遇到类似情况的工程借鉴。     

武汉火车站预应力简支梁支撑体系研究与应用

武汉火车站铁路高架桥10联平行布置,群桥施工工期紧、条件复杂.综合考虑工期、成本、技术条件等因素,选定钢桁架支撑体系.介绍了支撑体系的结构布置,通过验算,指出贝雷梁节点与支座对齐、分配梁与贝雷梁以夹片螺栓连接等构造措施.另外重点介绍支撑体系整体安装技术,预压、滑移施工技术,指出滑移过程中应严格控制其稳定性和滑移速度.     

真空预压法加固机理新探讨

通过对真空预压法加固软基所具备的两个条件进行分析,以土水势的原理解释了加固过程中的渗流机制,并阐述了孔隙水压力向有效应力的转化过程,说明有效应力的增量是由气压差和静水压力差构成的,最后对卸除真空荷载后地基回弹作了分析。     

从长期沉降观测资料分析次固结沉降

对一大面积淤泥软基超载预压加固工程,在不卸载的情况下进行了长达4年多的沉降观测。依据实测资料结合理论计算可知,厚11．3～26．4m的淤泥层在荷载作用下会发生最大达35．2cm的次固结沉降,占软基总沉降量的8．8％,次固结沉降的绝对量值超过了一般建筑物对地基的沉降控制要求,不可忽视。对本工程实测沉降数据次固结段进行了拟合分析,推算出该区淤泥土层次固结系数,该值比同地区一些项目实验室获得的次固结系数稍大,可供该区软基处理设计估算工后沉降量计算参考。