International Trade

Values of net oil imports(-)/exports for Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, the United States and Australia. Updated on a monthly basis. Number of imports for Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Other EU-15 (EU-15), Norway, Poland, Switzerland, Turkey, and Other Europe (OECD Europe), Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the United States (OECD Western Hemisphere), and Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, (OECD Asia-Pacific), and Total OECED. Current data for Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Other EU-15 (EU-15), Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Turkey, and Other Europe (OECD Europe), Canada, Mexico, and the United States (OECD Western Hemisphere), Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, and New Zealand (OECD Asia-Pacific). Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for principal importers of natural gas and the amount in which they import from United States, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom, France, Japan, Italy, Germany and Spain (Table 19.1). Current data for principal exporters of natural gas and the amount they export to Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Turkmenistan, Qatar, Algeria, Nigeria, Indonesia, Malaysia and Australia (Table 19.2). Updated on a monthly basis.     

Value creation dynamics in a project alliance

Project alliance requires all parties to work together in good faith, share project risks, and make unanimous decisions for the betterment of the project. A key feature of successful implementation of a project alliance is a focus on value creation and value for money. This paper proposes a qualitative system dynamics model to specify and explain dynamics of value creation processes in the context of project alliance. By synthesizing the existing literature and reports on project alliancing, this paper identifies four processes that have a strong influence on the value created in the project alliance context: work progression, rework, redesign and innovation, and rescheduling. In addition, we show how these value creation processes are interrelated and evolve over time. The effectiveness of these processes is influenced by the capability and motivation of the project alliance partners to discover works that do not fully utilize the available resources, and make quick decisions to capture these benefits.     

International Trade

Values of net oil imports(-)/exports for Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, the United States and Australia. Updated on a monthly basis. Number of imports for Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Other EU-15 (EU-15), Norway, Poland, Switzerland, Turkey, and Other Europe (OECD Europe), Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the United States (OECD Western Hemisphere), and Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, (OECD Asia-Pacific), and Total OECED. Current data for Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Other EU-15 (EU-15), Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Turkey, and Other Europe (OECD Europe), Canada, Mexico, and the United States (OECD Western Hemisphere), Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, and New Zealand (OECD Asia-Pacific). Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for principal importers of natural gas and the amount in which they import from United States, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom, France, Japan, Italy, Germany and Spain (Table 19.1). Current data for principal exporters of natural gas and the amount they export to Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Turkmenistan, Qatar, Algeria, Nigeria, Indonesia, Malaysia and Australia (Table 19.2). Updated on a monthly basis.     

浅谈BIM模式下设施管理的应用价值

本文主要从国内大型现代商业建筑的角度,结合国内BIM和设施管理发展现状,探讨和分析BIM模式对于设施管理的应用价值。     

Optimization of Improvable Flows by combining BAT Analysis and process simulation

This paper proposes a methodology to improve the sustainability of industrial processes combining two tools: BAT Analysis and process simulation. Both tools are jointly applied to identify the IF of the analyzed process, so that the most appropriate candidate techniques from an inventory can be selected. The selected alternatives are tested in different scenarios that are evaluated using simulation, which would determine the configuration that best improves the sustainability of the process. The combination of both tools in an integrated methodology will help decision makers to select the most sustainable configuration for a given process. The methodology is validated in a case study: a hydrogen production plant. After analysing several scenarios where different candidate techniques are implemented, results show that the IF identified can be highly improved when the appropriate combination of BAT is applied.     

A methodology for estimating the value of privacy in information disclosure systems

In many types of information systems, users face an implicit tradeoff between disclosing personal information and receiving benefits, such as discounts by an electronic commerce service that requires users to divulge some personal information. While these benefits are relatively measurable, the value of privacy involved in disclosing the information is much less tangible, making it hard to design and evaluate information systems that manage personal information. Meanwhile, existing methods to assess and measure the value of privacy, such as self-reported questionnaires, are notoriously unrelated of real–world behavior. To overcome this obstacle, we propose a methodology called VOPE (Value of Privacy Estimator), which relies on behavioral economics' Prospect Theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979) and valuates people's privacy preferences in information disclosure scenarios. VOPE is based on an iterative and responsive methodology in which users take or leave a transaction that includes a component of information disclosure. To evaluate the method, we conduct an empirical experiment (n = 195), estimating people's privacy valuations in electronic commerce transactions. We report on the convergence of estimations and validate our results by comparing the values to theoretical projections of existing results (Tsai, Egelman, Cranor, & Acquisti, 2011), and to another independent experiment that required participants to rank the sensitivity of information disclosure transactions. Finally, we discuss how information systems designers and regulators can use VOPE to create and to oversee systems that balance privacy and utility.     

A novel approach to lean control for Taiwan-funded enterprises in mainland China

The lean control approach has been successfully applied to reduce waste and improve customer service in numerous Taiwan-funded enterprises. Although numerous models have been developed to overcome its limitations, such as determining unnecessary moving, unnecessary inventory, and redundant transportation, they do not, however, identify focused stages in which to start lean control. To secure Taiwan-Funded Enterprises in Mainland China (TFEMC), in this paper, after using value stream mapping (VSM) to show the current state of manufacturing processes, rough set theory is adopted and used to identify types of focused stages, where lean controls are most required. A generalised label-correcting algorithm is then developed to determine the desired stages of lean manufacturing, which are difficult to show in the VSM. This methodology is suitable for a repetitive manufacturing environment of mixed type, i.e., job shop and flow shop, and achieves the following objectives: 1. Decreasing work in progress (WIP) inventory.

2. Reducing inventory and logistics cost globally.

The approach is novel and the illustrated case could be a role model of TFEMC because different types of problems can be solved with one algorithm; the reduct rules can be inducted to determine focus stages efficiently; and waste is reduced from the viewpoint of system thinking.     

发展型政府与大规模城镇开发的治理——“两次价值循环”理论的提出

政府驱动大规模城镇开发是我国地区发展的常见模式,曾发挥重要作用,但目前正面临重大转型。本文结合从计划经济与改革开放的实践纵览与宁波北仑地区开发案例的分析,对"发展型政府"推动大规模开发的内在逻辑作出解释。研究认为:政府驱动大规模城镇开发这一常见模式,并不仅仅是政府推动的结果,而是一个政府与市场携手于地区开发的"两次价值循环"过程。其中,"项目价值循环"和"价值大循环"的两层次结构让"集中"与"分散"两类制度的力量得以互动共生,这是我国政府推动大规模城镇开发取得成绩的关键逻辑;但同时,这种结构也带来了两类主体相互杂糅的逻辑悖论和现实问题,对此,通过区分两次价值循环、建构"政府"与"市场"相协作的新型联合开发机制,可以实现一定程度的改进。     

Economic value and environmental impact (EVEI) analysis of biorefinery systems

The selection of product portfolios, processing routes and the combination of technologies to obtain a sustainable biorefinery design according to economic and environmental criteria represents a challenge to process engineering. The aim of this research is to generate a robust methodology that assists process engineers to conceptually optimise the environmental and economic performances of biorefinery systems. A novel economic value and environmental impact (EVEI) analysis methodology is presented in this paper. The EVEI analysis is a tool that emerges from the combination of the value analysis method for the evaluation of economic potential with environmental footprinting for impact analysis. The methodology has been effectively demonstrated by providing insights into the performance of a bioethanol plant as a case study. The systematisation of the methodology allowed its implementation and integration into a computer-aided process engineering (CAPE) tool in the spreadsheet environment.     

金融化、城市规划与双向运动:台北版都市更新的冲突探析

台北市近年来大力推动都市更新,企图运用城市规划的容积金融化手段,克服和转移都市领域的积累与再生产困局,然而却因为2012年一户人家的拆迁,爆发了激烈的社会运动抵抗.本文指出都市更新容积奖励作为“国家机器”历史地打造的虚拟商品机制,牵涉庞大的利害关系,驱动了家园的强制金融化,加剧了资本对于都市纹理和社群关系的破坏,然其治理所需的制度镶嵌,远超出地方政府的制度能力及可问责性,以至公共利益被粗糙界定,形成对都市社会的巨大破坏力;而作为社会自体防御的都市运动展开结盟抗争,企图将脱缰的金融化都市发展,重新镶嵌到社会可以掌握的范围.