当代城市空间的符号价值

随着中国发达地区城市由生产社会向消费社会的转型,空间呈现商品化的发展态势,空间符号价值的重要性也日益突显出来。一方面,城市空间所象征的个性和品位、身份和地位、生活方式等符号意义逐渐成为大众空间消费过程中所关注的重点;另一方面,空间符号的消费强化了空间的社会属性,并为城市带来新的发展契机。     

Total project cost: a simplified model for decision makers

A simplified model for total project cost is developed in this paper to meet the numerous requests from decision makers for a model that can be used to estimate the total project cost from the estimated cash flows and, more importantly, to check the accuracy of the project cost estimates in feasibility studies that require prudent decisions. It begins with a base cost estimate in constant dollars and discrete cash flows with discrete inflation rates as practised by the construction industry. The discrete inflation rates are used to estimate the current dollar costs of the project. The effects of inflation are estimated as escalation during construction. Using the future value concept, interest during construction is estimated, in a simplified approach, to estimate the total project cost. Data from an actual feasibility study is used to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the simplified model. The model is extended to treat discrete cash flows with continuous inflation rates.     

Making client values explicit in value management workshops

Value management is a project‐focused process that makes explicit and appraises the functional benefits of a product, process or service consistent with a value system determined by the client. The value system of the client necessarily requires a method for value setting using harder performance variables than the commonly described facets of time, cost and quality. Current value theory is critically appraised in the context of current value management practice. The research proposition is that the constituent parts of time, cost and quality can be made overt enabling a client to express satisfaction in terms of a finite number of variables enabling the explicit statement of client value within a value management workshop. An action research study into the discovery of the component parts of the client's value system at the early stages of construction projects concludes that the variables are the nine non‐correlated, high order, discretionary performance variables of capital expenditure, operational expenditure, time, esteem, environment, exchange, politics/community, flexibility and comfort.     

价值工程在住宅小区室外给水管材选型中的应用

本文针对住宅小区室外给水工程的特点,运用价值工程评价法分析室外给水管材的选型问题。     

关于财务规划管理的思考

财务规划管理的主要内容和目标是管理增长、追求盈利和控制风险,提出新形势下企业价值目标导向下的财务目标和内容。全面落实科学发展观,促进企业可持续发展是企业不懈的追求。     

数字交流毫伏表的设计与实现

本文介绍了一种基于单片机和测量电压真有效值方案设计的智能数字交流毫伏表.它能精确测量任意波形的低频模拟周期信号并同时显示其有效值和分贝值.具有智能量程转换功能.     

移动商务研究综述

在对移动商务产业链分析的基础上,通过建立一个框架模型对移动商务的研究领域与最新进展进行了综述性研究,力图为后续研究者提供一个全景的概念。     

基于路径仓的面向对象XML查询处理技术

XML正在迅速成为Internet上数据表示和交换的标准,存储与查询XML数据变得日益重要,如何快速、准确地查询面向对象的XML数据成为当前研究的热点,索引技术是提高查询效率的有效方法。该文基于路径仓索引模式,提出了一种面向对象的XML数据的查询处理技术。     

超声波作用下大豆磷脂的羟基化改性研究

本研究将超声波技术应用于大豆浓缩磷脂羟基化改性,提出了一种制备羟基化改性大豆磷脂的新工艺。以浓缩大豆磷脂为原料,研究了超声波作用下乳酸加入量、双氧水加入量和反应时间3个因素对磷脂羟基化改性的影响。通过正交试验确定了磷脂羟基化改性的最佳工艺条件:加入4%(m/m磷脂)的乳酸、20%(v/m磷脂)浓度为30%的双氧水、在室温(约为25℃)、功率为200 W下进行超声波反应,经过40 min后,磷脂的碘值由原来的94.2 gI/100 g降低至22.9 gI/100 g。     

谈建设工程中价值工程的应用

价值工程做为一门基于技术与经济相结合的新兴的科学管理方法,已广泛应用于建设工程。本文介绍了价值工程的基本知识,对在我国建筑工程中应用价值工程的特点、应注意的问题进行论述与分析,总结了价值工程的发展趋势,对价值工程在我国建设工程中的应用具有广泛和深刻的社会意义。