浅析铂钯精矿的提取技术

本文简述湿法工艺提取铂钯金属精矿的工艺技术及主要生产过程     

用气相色谱测定液氧中乙炔及其他碳氢化合物的含量

利用气相色谱浓缩法和气相色谱直接法测定液氧中乙炔及其他碳氢化合物含量。通过比较。用气相色谱直接法测定，方法简便，快捷，准确。     

Characterisation of inter-particle forces within agglomerated metallurgical powders

The strength of agglomerates of nickel flash furnace concentrate and dust was determined from experimental observations of agglomerates forming under controlled conditions, combined with mathematical equations from the literature. It was found that the agglomerates had a tensile strength ranging from 0.01 Pa to 38.7 Pa, while inter-particle forces ranged from 2.2 × 10^− 12 N to 1.5 × 10^− 10 N. These values were compared to the expected magnitude of van der Waals, electrostatic, magnetic and capillary forces within the agglomerates, and it was found that both electrostatic and van der Waals forces are likely to contribute to the cohesion of agglomerates, although sub-micron particles and the presence of sufficiently large asperities on the surface of particles limit the magnitude of van der Waals forces. Magnetic forces are large enough to contribute to the cohesion of dust agglomerates, which is in keeping with the high magnetite content of the recycle dust. It is postulated that electrostatic forces, acting over a longer range than van der Waals forces, may be responsible for initially bringing particles together. The methodology for determining inter-particle forces can be applied to the computer modelling of flash smelting systems, as well as other gas/particle systems such as fluidized beds.     

固氟氯化铵焙烧法从包头稀土矿中回收稀土的动力学

研究了固氟氯化铵焙烧法分解包头混合型稀土精矿回收稀土的动力学.结果表明:固氟焙砂的氯化反应过程符合Bagdasarym提出的区域反应速率模型,氯化反应过程经过了两个串联反应步骤,且反应生成物的核按一个方向长大;反应速率方程遵从Erofeev方程的串联反应步骤模型,反应表观活化能Ea为36.831 KJ·mol-1,过程控制步骤是内扩散控制.     

Reaction process of monazite and bastnaesite mixed rare earth minerals calcined by CaO-NaCl-CaCl2

The decomposition reactions of monazite and bastnaesite mixed rare earth minerals calcined by CaO-NaCl-CaCl2 were studied by means of TG-DTA and XRD. The results show that the process of the minerals decomposed by CaO involves two steps. The first step occurs in the temperature range of 425-540 ℃, and the main reactions are bastnaesite decomposition, i.e. REOF reacts with CaO to produce RE2O3 and CaF2, and Ce2O3 is oxidized to CeO2. During this step, CaCO3 is formed at about 500 ℃. The second step takes place in the temperature range of 610-700 ℃, and the reactions are monazite decomposition into RE2O3, Ca5F（PO4）3 and Ca3（PO4）2 by CaO and CaF2. In this process, the decomposition ability is improved because CaO from CaCO3 decomposing has high chemical activity. In calcining process, the new formed Ca5F（PO4）3 restrains fluorine that can escape in form of gaseous compound. The decomposition ratio of the mixed rare earth minerals reaches 90.8% at 700 ℃.     

Selective leaching of vanadium from V-Ti magnetite concentrates by pellet calcification roasting-H_2SO_4 leaching process

A novel method of pellet calcification roasting-H_2 SO_4 leaching was proposed to efficiently separate and extract vanadium(V) from vanadium-titanium(V-Ti) magnetite concentrates.The leaching rate of V is as high as 88.98%,while the leaching rate of impurity iron is only 1.79%.Moreover,the leached pellets can be used as raw materials for blast furnace ironmaking after secondary roasting.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEMEDS) analyses showed that V~(3+) was oxidized to V~(5+) after roasting at 1200℃,and V~(5+) was then leached by H_2 SO_4.X-ray diffraction(XRD) analyses and single factor experiment revealed a minimal amount of dissolved Fe_2 O_3 during H_2 SO_4 leaching.Therefore,a high separation degree of V and iron(Fe) from V-Ti magnetite concentrate was achieved through H_2 SO_4 leaching.Compared with the traditional roastingleaching process,this process can achieve a high selectivity of V and Fe,and has excellent prospects for industrial production.     

30%三唑锡悬浮剂的研制及作用机理分析

[目的]解决30%三唑锡悬浮剂分散稳定性的问题。[方法]为提高30%三唑锡悬浮剂分散稳定性,采用流点法对不同类型的分散剂进行初步筛选并测试表面张力,通过测试SC粒径、Zeta电势、悬浮率、流变性能确定分散剂配比与用量并对分散稳定机理进行分析。[结果]与单一分散剂制备SC相比,聚羧酸盐分散剂SD-816和聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯分散剂SD-208复配体系制备的SC性能较优,其表观黏度、Zeta电势、粒径和悬浮率分别为386 mPa·s、-37.2 mV、2.58μm及98.4%。并且提出了聚羧酸盐分散剂和聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯分散剂对农药三唑锡可能的分散机理。[结论]聚羧酸盐SD-816和聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯SD-208的复配体系可同时提供静电排斥作用和空间位阻,明显改善SC体系的悬浮稳定性。     

Role of Scaffolds,Subchondral, Intra-Articular Injections of Fresh Autologous Bone Marrow Concentrate Regenerative Cells in Treating Human Knee Cartilage Lesions: Different Approaches and Different Results

The value of bone marrow aspirate concentrates for treatment of human knee cartilage lesions is unclear. Most of the studies were performed with intra-articular injections. However, subchondral bone plays an important role in the progression of osteoarthritis. We investigated by a literature review whether joint, subchondral bone, or/and scaffolds implantation of fresh autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrated (BMAC) containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would improve osteoarthritis (OA). There is in vivo evidence that suggests that all these different approaches (intra-articular injections, subchondral implantation, scaffolds loaded with BMAC) can improve the patient. This review analyzes the evidence for each different approach to treat OA. We found that the use of intra-articular injections resulted in a significant relief of pain symptoms in the short term and was maintained in 12 months. However, the clinical trials indicate that the application of autologous bone marrow concentrates in combination with scaffolds or in injection in the subchondral bone was superior to intra-articular injection for long-term results. The tendency of MSCs to differentiate into fibrocartilage affecting the outcome was a common issue faced by all the studies when biopsies were performed, except for scaffolds implantation in which some hyaline cartilage was found. The review suggests also that both implantation of subchondral BMAC and scaffolds loaded with BMAC could reduce the need for further surgery.     

微波场中铌精矿碳热还原反应行为研究

目前铌资源的研究大多处于常规加热阶段,因为能耗高、冷中心等问题无法广泛推广。微波加热技术是一种新型加热技术,可以有效避免冷中心等问题。借助微波马弗炉将铌精矿碳热还原反应与微波加热相结合,探究还原温度、配碳比及保温时间对铌精矿金属化率的影响,以及金属颗粒的成长行为。研究结果表明,微波加热在碳热还原反应中优于常规加热,在微波加热下,还原温度为1100℃、保温30 min、配碳比为1时,金属化率达到94.84%;1000℃时NbC开始生成,1100℃时铌钛产物主要为(Ti,Nb)C,1300℃时,钛的产物主要以TiC形式存在。     

铁精矿粒度对球团强度的影响

以大红山、曼南坎和滇滩等精矿的粒度以及膨润土用量和润磨时间为因子,以生球落下强度、生球爆裂温度、预热球抗压强度和焙烧球抗压强度为评价指标,进行了五因子二次回归组合实验研究。结果表明:随着铁精矿小于0.074mm粒级含量的增加,生球爆裂温度下降,预热球和焙烧球抗压强度提高;当铁精矿小于0.074mm粒级含量小于75%(质量分数)时,生球落下强度逐渐上升,当小于0.074mm粒级含量为75%时,生球落下强度达到最大值,之后有下降趋势。并不是铁精矿粒度越细球团强度就会越好,铁精矿粒度还应该满足一个合适的粒度组成。