气相色谱法测定1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷

研究了HCFC - 14 1b的气相色谱分析 ,色谱柱为HP - 1柱 ,氢火焰检测 ,相对误差在 5 %以内 ,该定量分析快速、简便、准确     

The comparative effect of a mixed urea,ammonium nitrate,ammonium sulphate granular formulation on the efficiency of N recovery by perennial ryegrass

The¹⁵N isotope was used to study the mode of action of individual nitrogen sources in a 30% urea:30% ammonium nitrate: 10% ammonium sulphate:30% filler (w/w) granular fertilizer for perennial ryegrass in a greenhouse pot experiment. The fertilizer consisted of two types of granules, one containing 80% urea and 20% filler and the second containing 48% ammonium nitrate (AN), 16% ammonium sulphate (AS) and 36% filler. In addition the effect of dolomite compared with silica as the filler was investigated on nitrogen recovery from the 30:30:10:30 formulation.Dolomite adversely affected the recovery of nitrate N from the system and evidence suggested that MgCO₃ was the active component. Granules containing dolomite resulted in a lower dry-matter yield than those containing silica, however the difference was not significant as nitrate contributed only 20% of the N in the formulation. AN gave the greatest DM yield and urea the lowest with AS being intermediate. The¹⁵N budget in shoots, roots and soil indicated that only 65% of the N from urea was recovered at the end of the experiment compared with 86% for AN and 91% for AS. The dry-matter yield of the 30:30:10:30 formulation using silica as the filler was intermediate between urea and AN; however, the apparent N recovery was significantly higher than expected from the sum of the individual components. The use of¹⁵N labelling indicated that using separate granules for ammonium N and urea the recovery of urea was improved by 11% in the triple N mixture when both AN and AS were present in the second granule compared to the recovery on its own. The enhanced recovery of urea appeared to be a function of AN and AS acting together as neither source in double combination with urea had any effect on urea N recovery.Urea enhanced the recovery of nitrate N by 10% but decreased the recovery of AS by 6% (in the 30:30:10:30 formulation) in comparison with the single sources on their own. The results indicate that interactions can occur between N sources even when they are physically separated by being in different granules.     

两段式煤气化技术在氟化氢反应转炉和烘粉炉上的应用

以发生炉煤气取代燃料油应用在氟化氢反应转炉及烘粉炉上 ,通过两段式煤气化技术可以降低氟化氢产品的生产成本 ,改善工作环境。介绍了煤气取代燃料油的可行性以及发生炉煤气站工艺方案的选择情况 ,建议在工业窖炉上大力推广 ,可以改变当前工业窖炉燃油成本高和燃煤对环境污染的状况。     

石油化工装备“后果分析”方法的介绍

石油化工装备的失效,由于所处理的物料常常是易燃易爆的化学品,所以往往导致发生燃烧、爆炸等,还可以波及附近的其它装置和设备发生连锁的失效和爆炸。为了分析这种严重事故可能造成的影响,研究防止这种事故的发生,近年来研究和发展了一种定量估计这种失效后果严重程度的方法,称为后果分析(Consequence Analysis)。通过分析,从这些设备的失效概率、可能发生的失效形式,研究设备内物料的泄漏形式、可能发生的后果、影响范围的大小、对周围装置、环境和人员的危害程度等,从而提出在设备设计、工厂的总图设计中采取的措施,以减轻其危害的程度。     

由粗氧化锌制备纳米活性氧化锌的研究

采用碳酸氢铵法由粗氧化锌制备纳米活性氧化锌。研究了用碳酸氢铵法由粗氧化锌制备活性氧化锌的热力学、中间体碱式碳酸锌的主要组成和碱式碳酸锌热分解的温度对形貌的影响;考察了中间体碱式碳酸锌的热分解温度和时间对纳米活性氧化锌的纯度、白度、比表面积和表观密度的影响。碱式碳酸锌焙解生成纳米活性氧化锌适宜的温度和时间分别为600℃和1h时,产品中氧化锌的质量分数为97.6%,粒度<100nm,比表面积50m2/g,表观密度0.21g/cm3。     

关于氟化氢生产中原料混合问题的讨论

在无水氟化氢生产原料中，添加了发烟硫酸作为新原料。由于液体原料混合方法的不同，在生产中会产生不同的效果。本文介绍了预混合法和在线混合法的优缺点。     

壳聚糖季铵盐的合成及其对鞣酸的絮凝性能

通过引入季铵盐基团的方法对壳聚糖进行改性得到完全溶于水的壳聚糖季铵盐,IR谱图表明取代反应主要发生在壳聚糖的氨基上。以中药药液中的主要杂质之一鞣酸为对象进行了絮凝试验,结果显示其鞣酸去除率,明显高于壳聚糖。同时壳聚糖季铵盐絮凝剂投加量适用范围更宽,有利于实际使用。     

合成方法对NH_4MPO_4·H_2O(M=Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu)颗粒形貌的影响

采用低温固相法与常规液相法合成系列磷酸铵复盐NH4MPO4.H2O(M=Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu),用XRD,FT-IR和SEM对产物进行表征,比较两种合成工艺及产物的颗粒形貌和大小。结果表明,除铜盐为斜方晶系外,其余都为正交晶系。与常规液相法相比,低温固相法不需要使用溶剂,能在低温短时间内合成磷酸铵复盐类化合物,但是需要晶化才能得到良好结晶体,合成的条件较为苛刻,容易有副反应发生,所得产品是片状结构,厚度为纳米尺寸的二维纳米材料,液相反应得到的产物颗粒是层状结构的微米级产品。     

HPCS-AM-DAC共聚物的合成及絮凝性能研究

以羟丙基壳聚糖(HPCS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为原料合成三元高分子共聚物(HPCS-AM-DAC)。采用FTIR、1HNMR、XRD、SEM对其结构和形貌进行了表征。考察了反应温度、引发剂硝酸铈铵用量、单体滴加时间及DAC用量对产物阳离子度及特性黏数的影响。结果表明,在水为25 mL、丙烯酰胺为2 g、HPCS为1 g、反应温度70℃、引发剂用量为1.7%(以HPCS质量为基准,下同)、单体滴加时间为35min、DAC为3.5g的条件下,产物的阳离子度和特性黏数均达到较佳值,分别为63.01%和468.81mL/g。采用壳聚糖(CTS)、HPCS、HPCS-AM-DAC及市售阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)对高岭土模拟废水进行絮凝实验,考察了絮凝体系pH、不同絮凝产品投加量对浊度去除率的影响。结果表明,在浊度为200NTU的高岭土模拟废水中,HPCS-AM-DAC絮凝的适宜pH为2～6,适宜投加量为2～5 mg/L,在该条件下浊度去除率均在96%以上。     

氟化铵溶解含氟硅渣制备氟硅酸铵的实验研究

以氟化铵溶液和含氟硅渣为原料,通过化学溶解的方式,制备氟硅酸铵产品。考察了反应温度、反应时间、氟化铵溶液浓度和物料配比（氟化铵与二氧化硅的物质的量比）等不同工艺条件对氟硅酸铵收率、二氧化硅转化率的影响。实验结果表明：反应温度为93 ℃、反应时间为60 min、氟化铵溶液质量分数为20%~30%、物料配比为6∶1.1、反应体系搅拌速度为200~300 r/min时,氟硅酸铵的收率和氟化铵的转化率可控制在90%以上。