2,4-D/CMC接枝物纳米粒子的制备与缓释性能研究

以羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）为基材，甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（DMDAAC）为改性单体，通过乳液聚合制备了CMC-g-P(MMA-DMDAAC)共聚物，采用自组装方法负载2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）得到2,4-D/CMC-g-P(MMA-DMDAAC)纳米药物缓释体系。利用傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、热重分析（TGA）、扫描电镜（SEM）、粒度分析仪对其结构和形貌进行表征，并探究其载药性能和缓释性能。结果表明，2,4-D/CMC-g-P(MMA-DMDAAC)载药粒子呈笼状结构，粒度分布为160～425 nm；其载药率随着CMC∶MMA∶DMDAAC的摩尔比增大而提高，最高可达40.8%；其药物累计释放率随CMC∶MMA∶DMDAAC的摩尔比增大而降低，其释放行为符合Weibull模型，遵循Fick扩散机理。     

相转移催化氧化合成苯甲酸

研究了季铵盐CTAB催化高锰酸钾氧化氯化苄合成苯甲酸的反应。考察了CTAB用量、高锰酸钾用量、反应温度、反应时间对反应的影响。结果表明,合成苯甲酸的最优条件为:高锰酸钾与氯化苄的摩尔比为2∶1,CTAB的摩尔分数为氯化苄的8%,反应温度90℃,反应时间为3h,苯甲酸的产率可达89%。     

阳离子型偶联表面活性剂改性硝酸铵性能研究

对阳离子型偶联表面活性剂膨化处理的改性硝酸铵进行了电镜扫描、孔径与孔容分布、粒径分布、比表面积、抗吸湿结块性及爆炸性能的实验研究，结果表明：同普通硝酸铵相比，阳离子型偶联改性硝酸铵的晶形不规则，富含气孔；比表面积大，可达3869．56cm^2／g；95％有效孔径处于介孔范围，有较小的粒径范围，主要分布在10～1000μm范围内；并且有良好的抗吸湿结块性，改性硝酸铵的吸湿率比普通硝酸铵的吸湿率降低约60％，抗压破坏力仅为普通硝酸铵的1／6，用其制得的粉状工业炸药具有更好的物理性能和爆炸性能。     

高分子和盐对3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基溴化铵泡沫性能的影响

测定了3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基溴化铵(C12TAB)在PVP、PEG和溴化钠存在下的泡沫性能。结果表明：含量相同时，C12TAB／NaBr混合体系的起泡性能高于C12TAB／高分子体系，而稳泡性能低于后者。含量相同的C12TAB／高分子体系，PVP对C12TAB的影响好于PEG。     

聚偏氟乙烯/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的合成与性能

在含氟表面活性剂存在下，将聚偏氟乙烯超声分散于甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯的混合单体中进行乳液聚合，制备了聚偏氟乙烯／聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液。采用动态光散射DLS、透射电镜TEM和红外光谱FT—IR对乳液组成及乳胶粒子的形态进行了表征，并对聚合物胶膜的性能进行了测试分析。结果表明：聚偏氟乙烯的加入，使复合乳液膜的拉伸强度显著增大，吸水率减小。     

新型手性相转移催化剂N-苄基溴化奎宁的合成及应用

通过对天然手性物质进行修饰合成手性相转移催化剂N-苄基溴化奎宁,并对目标分子2,5-二甲基-4-(3-硝基苯)-1,4-二氢吡啶-3-甲酸乙酯-5-甲酸甲酯(nitrendipine)进行不对称催化合成,并通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对化合物进行了表征,用X射线单晶衍射法测定了该化合物的晶体结构。     

聚合硅酸硫酸铝的絮凝性能及改性研究

以硫酸铝、水玻璃和铝酸钠为原料制备了聚合硅酸硫酸铝(PASS),研究了PASS絮凝性能,并利用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对PASS进行复合改性。结果表明,PASS絮凝条件选择为加药量40 mg/L,A l/S i为10-20,原水在pH值6.0-8.0有较好的絮凝效果。在最佳絮凝条件下处理低浊水时,其除浊率达到97%,通过加入少量PDMDAAC对PASS改性后能显著减少PASS用量。     

THE EFFECT OF PRECIPITATION PARAMETERS ON PREPARATION OF LITHIUM FLUORIDE (LIF) NANO-POWDER

Lithium fluoride powder (LiF) is a white powder with a density of 2.64 gr/cm³ and a melting point of 848°C. This powder has several applications such as flux, glaze, soldering, and aluminum melting process, but one of the most important uses of this powder is its application in dosimetry. The commercial powders currently used for this purpose have average sizes of 5 to 10 micrometers; the objective of this research is to produce LiF powder with nano-metric particle size. In this study, the reaction of LiOH + HF → LiF + H₂O has been selected from among several reactions that were able to produce LiF powder, and some precipitation parameters such as temperature, time, agitation type, and supersaturation degree have been controlled. The morphology, phase analysis, and particle size distribution of the resulting powders were analyzed by SEM, XRD, and LPSA. Finally, lithium fluoride nano-powder was synthesized at a temperature of 25°C, pH about 2-3, reaction time less than 1 s, and agitation by ultrasonic bath.     

硝酸铈铵复盐制备工艺研究

对硝酸铈铵复盐的制备工艺进行了研究。分析了反应物的加入量、反应温度、反应时间以及其它工艺条件对制备硝酸铈铵复盐产品质量的影响。得出了制备分析纯硝酸铈铵复盐的方法。该方法可获得纯度达99%以上的橘红色硝酸铈铵复盐,收率达85%以上。     

Foliar fertilization of high-yielding peanuts during the pod-filling period

A 2-year field experiment was carried out in a sandy soil (Xeropsament-Torripsament) at Nir Yizhaq, Israel, where commercially grown peanut plants were sprayed with different NPKS solutions during the pod-filling period. All foliar sprays were applied in addition to the fertilizer which had been added to the soil before planting. The differences in yield between the treatments were not significant in either year. In the first year, there was a tendency toward increased yields of pods (up to 13%) and of hay (up to 16%) when four foliar fertilizer applications (10 kg N, 1 kg P, 3 kg K and 0.5 kg S/ha/application) were given, at one-week intervals. N was added mainly as urea, P and K as potassium polyphosphate, and S as ammonium sulphate. In the second year, the highest yield was obtained in the control plots and the differences between the treatments were not significant. Utilization of foliar nutrient application seems to be dependent upon availability of these nutrients in the soil.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No. 1976-E. 1087 series.