Mathematical Simulation of Radiation Instability and a Possible Method of Taking Instability into Account in Realization of the Unit of Power of Laser Radiation and Dissemination of the Unit of Power

The present study is devoted to mathematical simulation of the instability of laser radiation. An algorithm for establishing the shape of continuous laser radiation received at the input of a measuring system is presented.     

蒸汽发生器传热管面内流体弹性失稳分析

流体弹性失稳是蒸汽发生器内最严重的传热管流致振动机理,一旦发生就会使传热管发生大幅振动并快速失效。流体弹性失稳可能在U形传热管束的面内及面外两个方向发生,为研究面内及面外流体弹性失稳发生的先后顺序,通过将蒸汽发生器U形传热管防振条支撑假设为单向简支,即仅在传热管面外方向对U形管进行约束,建立了完整的U形管模型;计算了弯曲半径及防振条支撑数量对U形管面内外固有频率的影响,基于成熟的流体弹性失稳经验模型,得到了面内流体弹性失稳先于面外方向发生的条件。结果表明,对弯曲半径在0.5 m-1.75 m范围内的U形传热管,当其弯管段支撑点超过4 h,面内流体弹性失稳将先于面外方向发生。     

低压高过冷度下自然循环流动不稳定性实验研究

对具有长直上升段的自然循环系统,开展了流动不稳定性实验研究。同时,详细分析了低压、高入口过冷度条件下典型的流动不稳定现象。实验表明：自然循环系统的结构、流体的热边界条件会影响自然循环的运行特性及流动不稳定性类型。较高入口过冷度下,高热流密度导致系统脱离稳态后,很难重新回到稳定的两相自然循环流动状态。随着热流密度的提高,系统会经历间歇沸腾、复合动态流动不稳定性等状态。依据实验结果得到了高入口过冷度下的不稳定性边界图。在两相振荡期间,自然循环驱动压头和回路阻力的主要影响因素集中在长直上升段和加热段。加热段出口积聚的大量气泡对上、下游流体的强烈挤压作用是流量大幅振荡及逆流的主要原因。     

二次侧非能动余热排出系统流动不稳定性研究

二次侧非能动余热排出（ASP）系统是压水堆核电厂应对全厂断电事故的重要措施之一。为研究ASP系统的运行特性,设计建造了ASP系统试验装置（ASPTF）。在ASPTF上开展了ASP系统运行稳定性影响试验,并对试验结果进行了理论分析。试验研究与理论分析结果表明：低压低功率下ASP系统中出现流动不稳定性;增加蒸汽管线或回水管线阻力系数可抑制ASP系统出现流动不稳定性;降低加热功率时ASP系统更易出现流动不稳定性;主泵运行状态影响ASP系统的输入功率进而影响系统的流动不稳定性。     

A simulation study of protons heated by left/right-handed Alfvén waves generated by electromagnetic proton-proton instability

Most protons in the solar wind belong to one of two different populations,the less dense beam protons and the denser core protons.The beam protons,with a velocity of(1-2)VA(VA is the local Alfvén speed),always drift relative to the core protons;this kind of distribution is unstable and stimulates several kinds of wave mode.In this study,using a 2D hybrid simulation model,we find that the original right-handed elliptically polarized Alfvén waves become linearly polarized,and eventually become right-handed and circularly polarized.Given that linearly polarized waves are a superposition of left-handed and right-handed waves,cyclotron resonance in the right-handed/left-handed component heats beam/core protons perpendicularly.The resonance between beam protons and right-handed polarized waves is stronger when the beam relative density is lower,resulting in more dramatic perpendicular heating of beam protons,whereas the situation is reversed when the beam relative density is larger.     

抗振条-传热管大间隙多跨直管束流致振动试验研究

针对抗振条-传热管大间隙的4跨传热管直管束开展了流致振动试验研究。传热管束转角正三角形排列,3处抗振条将直管束分为4跨,中间其中1跨的局部区域受到横向流体的冲刷。试验测试获得了管间流速在3.3～14.7 m/s区间内传热管振动位移和振动频率响应特性。结果表明,随着管间流速逐渐增大,传热管在来流方向和升力方向的振动频率依次增大,传热管的振动模态从抗振条1处有效支撑、2处未有效支撑的状态,转换为3处抗振条均有效支撑的状态。试验观测到传热管流弹失稳,其临界流速为14.5 m/s,与5种经验关系式预测结果的对比表明,Chen关系式能较好地预测流弹失稳的发生,预测结果较保守,与试验值间的相对偏差为21.4%。     

重力注水过程流动不稳定现象关键影响因素研究

重力驱动注水过程中由于流量较小以及蒸汽的积聚可能导致流动不稳定现象的发生,对核反应堆安全运行具有重要的影响。通过实验研究的方法,搭建了重力注水模拟实验装置,研究了不同蒸汽出口形阻、高位储水箱水位和加热棒初始温度下流动不稳定现象的变化规律。结果表明,重力驱动注水过程流动不稳定现象包含冷却水初次注入阶段、注入水逐出阶段和冷却水再注入阶段等。在一定冷却水初始温度、冷却水入口形阻以及系统压力下,蒸汽排出速度以及实验本体内筒顶部的聚集情况取决于蒸汽出口形阻,减小蒸汽出口形阻可加快蒸汽排放速度,压力峰峰值降低、振荡周期变长,有利于系统稳定;提高高位储水箱水位加快了冷却水注入速率,增加了加热棒被淹没率,降低了流动不稳定现象的发生次数和持续时间;随加热棒初始温度的升高,冷却水流量出现了波动向停滞的转变,流动不稳定现象发生的次数增加且持续时间加长。     

Two‐fluid model with interface sharpening

Two‐fluid models are applicable for simulations of all types of two‐phase flows ranging from separated flows with large characteristic interfacial length scales to highly dispersed flows with very small characteristic interfacial length scales. The main drawback of the two‐fluid model, when used for simulations of stratified flows, is the numerical diffusion of the interface. Stratified flows can be easily and more accurately solved with interface tracking methods; however, these methods are limited to the flows, that do not develop into dispersed types of flows. The present paper describes a new approach, where the advantage of the two‐fluid model is combined with the conservative level set method for interface tracking. The advection step of the volume fraction transport equation is followed by the interface sharpening, which preserves the thickness of the interface during the simulation. The proposed two‐fluid model with interface sharpening was found to be more accurate than the existing two‐fluid models. The mixed flow with both: stratified and dispersed flow, is simulated with the coupled model in this paper. In the coupled model, the dispersed two‐fluid model and two‐fluid model with interface sharpening are used locally, depending on the parameter which recognizes the flow regime. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanisms of the FMR1 Repeat Instability: How Does the CGG Sequence Expand?

A dynamic mutation in exon 1 of the FMR1 gene causes Fragile X-related Disorders (FXDs), due to the expansion of an unstable CGG repeat sequence. Based on the CGG sequence size, two types of FMR1 alleles are possible: “premutation” (PM, with 56-200 CGGs) and “full mutation” (FM, with >200 triplets). Premutated females are at risk of transmitting a FM allele that, when methylated, epigenetically silences FMR1 and causes Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a very common form of inherited intellectual disability (ID). Expansions events of the CGG sequence are predominant over contractions and are responsible for meiotic and mitotic instability. The CGG repeat usually includes one or more AGG interspersed triplets that influence allele stability and the risk of transmitting FM to children through maternal meiosis. A unique mechanism responsible for repeat instability has not been identified, but several processes are under investigations using cellular and animal models. The formation of unusual secondary DNA structures at the expanded repeats are likely to occur and contribute to the CGG expansion. This review will focus on the current knowledge about CGG repeat instability addressing the CGG sequence expands.     

混合Bose-Einstein凝聚的不稳定性

本文研究描述混合Bose-Einstein凝聚的耦合Cross-Pitaevskii方程组的Cauchy问题,利用不变集理论,得到了混合Bose-Einstein凝聚的不稳定性。