激光均匀性对冲击波平面性的影响

利用两种方法研究了激光空间均匀性对冲击波平面性的影响。一种是根据冲击波在靶背卸载辐射可见光的平面性来判断冲击波平面性;另一种是基于成像型速度干涉仪测量的靶背自由面速度变化引起干涉条纹跃变间断面的平面性判断冲击波平面性,同时由条纹移动后持续时间了解流体力学不稳定性演化情况。研究表明,不均匀性为2%的激光驱动的冲击波平面性较好,能发射高速飞片,且飞片具有很好的平面性与完整性;不均匀性为5%的激光产生的冲击波平面性很差,不能发射完整的高速飞片。说明激光均匀性对冲击波平面性具有决定性的影响。     

蒸汽发生器U型管单相流动不稳定性分析

自然循环条件下,蒸汽发生器并联U型管束内存在单相流动不稳定性,部分U型管内存在倒流现象,对反应堆非能动安全产生负面影响。本文通过对基本守恒方程无量纲处理,采用线性扰动分析理论,获得了Ｕ型管内流动不稳定性判断准则(特征格拉晓夫数)。结果表明,当U型管格拉晓夫数高于特征格拉晓夫数时,管内流动是不稳定的,会出现倒流现象。以某型蒸汽发生器为对象,对U型管束流动不稳定性进行判断,通过与现有判别方法进行对比,验证了建立的U型管内流动不稳定性的判别方法。在此基础上,分析了蒸汽发生器一次侧流体入口密度对倒流现象的影响,发现当入口密度降低时,倒流现象更容易发生。本文结论可为蒸汽发生器优化设计提供一定的理论支持。     

激光烧蚀R-T不稳定性研究中的双模式CH平面调制靶制备

为研究同一次激光驱动下初始扰动幅值不同时瑞利-泰勒（Rayleigh-Taylor,R-T）不稳定性非线性演化的差别,采用单点金刚石车削技术,以太空铝合金为材料加工了两侧具有不同扰动幅度的模板。然后利用旋转涂覆工艺将模板表面的扰动图形转移至CH薄膜表面,制得了双模式CH平面调制靶。通过QC-5000型光学显微镜、alpha-step 500型台阶仪、NT1100型白光干涉仪等对铝合金模板及CH平面调制靶的周期、振幅等参数进行测量。结果表明：模板和CH平面调制靶的两侧均具有不同的扰动图形;两侧扰动的波长相同,均为54 μm左右,但振幅不同,分别为4.8 μm和1.9 μm;两侧扰动的平衡位置在同一水平面,调制图形的各项参数与设计值基本一致,模板表面的扰动图形成功地转移到了CH薄膜表面,获得了满足R-T不稳定性实验需求的双模CH平面调制靶。     

复杂环境下薄壁式倒锥形水塔爆破拆除

通过理论计算和经验类比等手段,解决复杂环境下1座薄壁钢筋混凝土倒锥形水塔的爆破拆除,因倒塌场地小,筒壁薄、钢筋密、重心高,易产生后坐甚至爆而不倒的问题,设计了合理的爆破切口和定向窗尺寸、爆破技术参数、起爆网路等;根据倒塌失稳计算和预留支撑筒壁的强度校核,验证了爆破切口高度及长度的合理性;对爆破振动、飞石和塌落振动等爆破危害进行了校核。结果显示,起爆后水塔缓慢倾倒,2 s后水塔出现下坐,下坐高度约5 m;倒塌趋势形成后,下坐并未影响倒塌方向;爆破未造成周边民房损坏,未发生安全事故,可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

不稳定试井解释常见问题分析

通过分析以往不稳定试井解释资料,对试井解释中经常出现的问题进行总结,杜绝此类错误再次发生.建议在解释时,综合考虑其它资料信息,减少主观臆断,以期得到准确解.     

异常高压超深凝析气井生产动态异常分析及对策

我国有丰富的深层天然气资源,深层气藏普遍存在高温和异常高压的特点,在试井、生产及井下作业方面都存在很大难度,且国内可借鉴的经验很少。柯深101井从开始试井投产起出现了一系列异常生产状况。以其为例,对异常高压超深气井的生产状况进行综合分析,认为应力敏感造成的近井地带应力损伤、凝析液造成的渗透率损害以及井筒积液、井内落物是造成生产异常的主要原因。针对以上原因提出了相应对策在进行产能试井及制定生产工作制度时,应综合考虑应力敏感及反凝析因素,压差不能过大;采用重复酸化或酸压措施改善近井地带的地层渗透率;当井筒积液严重后可采用气举方式排液,应用电磁加热技术减轻近井积液对产能的影响;井内掉入落物后应及时打捞,以免造成重大经济损失。     

Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase and Hepatocyte Growth Factor Are Risk Factors of Sudden Cardiac Death Due to First-Ever Myocardial Infarction

Patients at a high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) without previous history of cardiovascular disease remain a challenge to identify. Atherosclerosis and prothrombotic states involve inflammation and non-cardiac tissue damage that may play active roles in SCD development. Therefore, we hypothesized that circulating proteins implicated in inflammation and tissue damage are linked to the future risk of SCD. We conducted a prospective nested case–control study of SCD cases with verified myocardial infarction (N = 224) and matched controls without myocardial infarction (N = 224), aged 60 ± 10 years time and median time to event was 8 years. Protein concentrations (N = 122) were measured using a proximity extension immunoassay. The analyses revealed 14 proteins significantly associated with an increased risk of SCD, from which two remained significant after adjusting for smoking status, systolic blood pressure, BMI, cholesterol, and glucose levels. We identified leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H, odds ratio 1.80, corrected confidence interval (CI_corr) 1.02–3.17) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF; odds ratio 1.81, CI_corr 1.06–3.11) as independent risk markers of SCD. Elevated LTA4H may reflect increased systemic and pulmonary neutrophilic inflammatory processes that can contribute to atherosclerotic plaque instability. Increased HGF levels are linked to obesity-related metabolic disturbances that are more prevalent in SCD cases than the controls.     

大幅面太阳全光谱辐照系统的设计

大幅面太阳全光谱辐照系统是太阳模拟器的重要组成部分,辐照不均匀度是其关键技术指标之一,在传统全光谱辐照系统中存在着难以达到国家标准、光源光谱匹配性差等技术难题。结合大幅面太阳模拟器的研究现状,设计了一种全光谱辐照系统。利用光学仿真软件Zemax对所设计的全光谱辐照系统辐照均匀性进行仿真,提出了辐照度衰减模式的新概念,并以此为基础对全光谱辐照系统辐照不均匀度进行了优化。光源采用瑞士Solaronix公司生产的Plasma光源,经过测试光谱达到国际电工委员会标准A级,光源谱段内辐照度用光谱辐射计进行测试。结果表明,在辐照度为280 W/m²时,辐照度衰减模式在未启动和启动时辐照不均匀度分别为8.4%和5.7%,参考国家标准GB/T12637—1990太阳模拟器通用规范,在2 400 mm×6 000 mm有效辐照面内其辐照均匀度满足规范C级标准,接近B级标准。     

Genetic and epigenetic traits as biomarkers in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is a major health burden, and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in industrialized countries. The steady improvements in surgery and chemotherapy have improved survival, but the ability to identify high- and low-risk patients is still somewhat poor. Molecular biology has, over the years, given insight into basic principles of colorectal cancer initiation and development. These findings include aberrations increasing risk of tumor development, genetic changes associated with the stepwise progression of the disease, and errors predicting response to a specific treatment. Potential biomarkers in colorectal cancer are extensively studied, and how the molecular aberrations relate to clinical features. Yet, little of this knowledge has been possible to transfer into clinical practice. In this review, an overview of colorectal cancer genetics will be given, as well as how aberrations found in this tumor type are proposed as biomarkers for risk prediction, as diagnostic tools, for prognosis or prediction of treatment outcome.