可控性的双层粒子刚体脆性破裂模拟动画

提出一种可控性的双层粒子模型的刚体脆性破裂动画的模拟框架.首先,使用接触力学分析撞击时固体内部产生的弹性位移并采用光滑粒子流体动力学进行离散求解,在此基础上建立一个可控性的内力分析模型.其次,提出一种双层粒子模型来对刚体进行建模,在保证内力计算精度的同时提高了刚体动力学中碰撞检测的效率.最后实现了多个刚体脆性模型场景的动画.该算法可适用于刚体脆性破裂模拟的动画应用.     

冻融循环作用下饱和砂岩损伤扩展模型研究

首先分析饱和砂岩所经历的冻融作用的特点,认为冻融作用是一种低周疲劳荷载,且砂岩冻融循环作用下的受力状态可简化为单向拉伸荷载的循环作用。基于以上分析,在疲劳损伤理论的基础上,建立砂岩在冻融循环作用下的损伤演化方程。同时,通过对饱和砂岩冻融循环过程中的物理性质的观测,及对砂岩自身结构特点的分析,选取砂岩的开孔隙率作为损伤变量。之后通过试验数据对所建立的损伤模型进行验证,并探讨损伤方程中各参数的确定方法。经过验证,该损伤模型能较好地反映饱和砂岩在冻融循环作用下的损伤扩展规律,可以为相关的研究提供参考。     

考虑变形影响的致密砂岩油藏非线性渗流特征

致密砂岩油藏水驱渗流特征体现非线性渗流规律,存在启动压力梯度,且水驱过程中多孔介质会产生变形,岩石渗透率降低。通过电镜扫描试验研究致密砂岩纳米级微观孔隙特征,结合岩石颗粒分布特征,建立致密砂岩变形引起应力敏感理论模型,得到岩石介质变形系数,并与试验测试结果进行对比分析;建立考虑致密砂岩岩石变形影响的渗流数学模型,研究启动压力梯度及介质变形共同作用对油、水两相非线性渗流特征影响。算例结果表明,启动压力梯度与介质变形的耦合作用造成水驱渗流阻力增大,地层压降损失增大;介质变形系数越大,相同生产时间内原油采出程度越低,随着生产时间增加,地层压降损失幅度增大。     

Oxidation of ZrB2–SiC‐Graphite Composites Under Low Oxygen Partial Pressures of 500 and 1500 Pa at 1800°C

The oxidation behavior of ZrB₂–SiC‐graphite composites under low oxygen partial pressures of 500 and 1500 Pa at 1800°C was investigated. The phase composition and microstructure of the oxidized scale were characterized using TEM, SEM, XRD, XPS, EDS. The analytical results indicated that a low oxygen partial pressure had a remarkable effect on the oxidation mechanism of ZrB₂–SiC‐graphite composites. When oxidized at 1500 Pa, the oxidation kinetics was controlled by the rate of oxygen diffusion into the composite. When the composite was oxidized at 500 Pa, control of the oxidation kinetics changed from the rate of oxygen diffusion to the rate of the oxidation reaction. The rate of oxidation decreased with decreasing oxygen partial pressure. Higher partial pressures of oxygen resulted in less oxidation resistance by the ZrB₂–SiC‐graphite composites.     

基于润湿供液的电化学放电线切割实验研究

针对非导电硬脆材料的微细线切割加工,设计并搭建了基于润湿供液的电化学放电线切割装置,实现了对石英材料的有效切割,确定了实现电化学放电线切割加工的临界电压。通过提取加工过程中能反映极间状态的电流信号作为控制加工的依据,实现了对石英材料的可控加工,实验表明加工速率及槽宽随着电压的增加而增大。通过对工件步进进给和匀速进给两种加工方式的比较表明,利用电流信号作为进给控制依据进行步进进给能更好地保证加工的连续性。     

Fracture behaviour and numerical study of resistance spot welded joints in high-strength steel sheet

Cross tension tests of resistance spot welded joints with varying nugget diameter were carried out using 980 MPa high strength steel sheet of 1.6 mm thickness. In proportion, as nugget diameter increased from 3√t to 5√t (where t is thickness), cross tension strength (CTS) increased while fracture morphology simultaneously transferred from interface fracture to full plug fracture. In cases of interface fracture, circumferential crack initiation due to separation of the corona bond arose at an early stage of loading. The crack opening process without propagation was recognized until just before fracture and then the crack propagated to the nugget immediately in a brittle manner around CTS. In full plug fracture, main ductile crack initiation from the notch-like part at the end of sheet separation occurred with the sub-crack initiated at an early stage. The ductile crack propagated toward the HAZ and base material to form full plug fracture. The mode I stress intensity factor was considered as a suitable fracture parameter because the circumferential crack behaved pre-crack for brittle fracture in the nugget region at the final stage. Based on the FE analysis, the mode I stress intensity factor was calculated as 116 MPa √m at CTS as fracture toughness for the nugget. With respect to full plug fracture, ductile crack initiation behaviour from the notch-like part was expressed by concentration of equivalent plastic strain. On the assumption that the ductile crack arose in critical value of equivalent plastic strain, the value was calculated as 0.34 by FE analysis. Reasonable interpretation for interface fracture and full plug fracture in the resistance spot welded joint was proposed due to first crack initiation by stress concentration, brittle fracture by using mode I stress intensity factor, and ductile crack initiation by using equivalent plastic strain.     

砂岩多步压剪的声发射特性研究

为了了解砂岩多阶段性应力分布特征,进行了多步压剪实验,加载速率分别为0.02 kN/s、0.1 kN/s、0.5 kN/s,并同步采集全过程声发射信号。利用最大似然估计法分析了声发射能量统计分布特征,结果表明:(1)多步压剪试验的能量概率密度函数符合幂定律分布,并满足能量上的幂律无尺度分布;(2)加载阶段与恒压阶段声发射信号量相差较大,跨越能量数量级有所不同,但加载、恒压阶段的概率密度函数与整体概率密度函数具有统一性,并可以用同一个幂值来表征;(3)加载阶段与恒压阶段幂值分布具有相似性,与概率密度函数形成良好对应;(4)恒压状态下的岩石具有流变特征,声发射能量信号在小能量区间服从线性分布;(5)加载后期,由于裂纹的扩展以及成核过程岩石会发生相变,此阶段能量概率密度函数与全过程保持一致,不受之前能量信号影响。     

超大型集装箱船用特厚止裂钢的发展

 超大型集装箱船用特厚止裂钢板由于优异的止裂韧性,能够显著减小复杂交变应力对甲板上部大开口部位形成的安全威胁。通过系统总结止裂韧性的评价体系、对比分析国内外超大型集装箱船舶的发展趋势和特厚止裂钢板的生产状况,综述了超大型集装箱船用特厚止裂钢板的显微组织特征和有可能实施的生产工艺。全厚度细小的等轴铁素体、多边形铁素体配合有限的细化贝氏体及心部γ线上的织构强化是改善特厚钢板止裂韧性的关键。东北大学提出的NEU-Rolling控轧工艺能够解决TMCP态特厚止裂钢板的生产难题。     

Fragmentation and granular transition of ceramics for high rate loading

The paper presents a numerical model to study the transition of brittle materials from a cracked solid to a granular medium under impact loading. The model addresses competitive crack coalescence in the transition regime and provides insight into the onset of comminution and the initial conditions for subsequent granular flow. Crack statistics obtained from initial flaws using a wing crack growth-based damage model have been used to discretely model elliptical cracks in three dimensions. These discrete cracks are either generated randomly in space or with a constraint that minimizes the intersection between neighboring cracks. These cracks are then allowed to coalesce with nearby cracks along with favorable directions and the output fragment statistics are predicted. A simple statistical model is proposed that suggests a transition criterion resembling the one obtained from the numerical model. Initial fragments are power-law distributed similarly to experimental observations and particle-based models. A generalized form of a microstructure-dependent granular transition criterion based on a threshold measure of crack lengths has been proposed. This model can be implemented in numerical codes to activate granular physics and calibrate the initial conditions of granular flow, such as fragment size and morphology.     

Wettability reversal of reservoir rock surface through surfactant stabilized microemulsion

In the process of the tertiary recovery of oil and gas resources, it is necessary to use external fluids to displace the crude oil in the reservoir. Whether the crude oil on the surface of the rock can be effectively displaced and the wettability of the rock can be changed to avoid re-adsorption by the crude oil is directly related to the level of oil recovery. Therefore, it is critical to study the cleaning and wettability reversal of reservoir rock surface. Because microemulsions have outstanding performance in changing the wettability of rocks and solubilizing crude oil, this paper uses cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant and n-butanol as a co-surfactant to prepare microemulsions. The performance of microemulsions with different microstructures on the cleaning and wettability changes of crude oil on the rock surface were studied. The results show that the water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion has good cleaning efficiency, and the oil removal rate on the sandstone core surface can reach 79.65%. In terms of changing the wettability of the rock surface, W/O, bi-continuous phase (B.C.) and oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions can change the core surface from lipophilic to hydrophilic. And the effects of the B.C. and O/W microemulsions are more obvious. The microemulsion system that was prepared based on cationic surfactants has a good application prospect in changing the wettability of the reservoir and cleaning the adsorbed crude oil.