Queueing analysis and optimal control of and systems

We first consider a finite-buffer single server queue where arrivals occur according to batch Markovian arrival process (BMAP). The server serves customers in batches of maximum size ‘b’ with a minimum threshold size ‘a’. The service time of each batch follows general distribution independent of each other as well as the arrival process. We obtain queue length distributions at various epochs such as, pre-arrival, arbitrary, departure, etc. Some important performance measures, like mean queue length, mean waiting time, probability of blocking, etc. have been obtained. Total expected cost function per unit time is also derived to determine the optimal value N^* of N at a minimum cost for given values of a and b. Secondly, we consider a finite-buffer single server queue where arrivals occur according to BMAP and service process in this case follows a non-renewal one, namely, Markovian service process (MSP). Server serves customers according to general bulk service rule as described above. We derive queue length distributions and important performance measures as above. Such queueing systems find applications in the performance analysis of communication, manufacturing and transportation systems.     

新型固体聚羧酸高效减水剂的研制

聚羧酸高效减水剂生产浓度一般为20%～40%（质量分数）,不宜储存和运输,限制了其更广泛的应用.利用本体聚合方法合成固体聚羧酸减水剂,在不加任何溶剂的情况下,利用原料中大单体TPEG、丙烯酸的物理化学特性,通过合适的引发剂（BPO）,实现反应原料熔融态下的聚合反应.最佳反应条件为TPEG∶AA∶MAS=0.8∶3.25∶0.4（摩尔比）,引发剂BPO用量为单体总质量的1%,反应温度为80℃,引发剂滴加时间为2h,保温时间为1.5h.反应结束后趁热将产物倒出,冷却至室温,经研磨成粉末,得到产品.实验得到的固体聚羧酸减水剂产品经研磨后无粘结现象,颗粒尺寸在0.125mm时,46s即可实现完全溶解,150d未出现变质结块现象.通过净浆试验和混凝土试验对产品进行了性能测试,结果表明产品性能超过了国内同类固体聚羧酸高效减水剂的产品水平.本体聚合法制备固体聚羧酸高效减水剂工艺简单、操作容易、对环境友好,具有非常广阔的工业前景.     

The Great Lakes Region and Bulk Water Exports

Abstract

The article provides an overview of the latest developments in the debate concerning the bulk water export of Great Lakes water. It examines the policy and legal dimensions of this new debate. The policy dimension focuses on the public attention and concern, in Canada, regarding bulk water removals from the Great Lakes basin. This concern has triggered the new Canadian federal legislation banning water exports from the region (Bill C-15). Is this a sign that the Canadian government now embraces a water conservation ethic? Is its position in line with the recent recommendations on the issue of the International Joint Commission (IJC), the joint body created by the United States and Canada to manage its shared waters? The attempt by investors to export water from the Great Lakes basin raises issues regarding Canada's obligations under international and regional trade agreements, most notably the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The article examines the provisions of those two trade agreements in the context of the water export debate in Canada and concludes that increased clarity on Canada/US transboundary water issues is required.     

Effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of FeCoZrWB bulk metallic glass

A Fe61Co10Zr5W4B20 bulk metallic glass (BMG) with a diameter of 2 mm was prepared by using copper mould suction casting. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), micro-hardness and compression tests were adopted to investigate the structure, thermal stability, especially, the effect of heat treatment on the micro-hardness and compression strength of this BMG. The BMG exhibits micro-hardness of about 1 207 Hv and compression fracture strength of about 1 707.6 MPa. After being annealed below the onset of crystallization temperature, the micro-hardness almost keeps constant. But after being annealed above the peak of crystallization temperature, the micro-hardness increases firstly and then declines gradually with the elongation of annealing time. However, annealed for the same period of time, the micro-hardness will increase with the rise of annealing temperature, while the compression fracture strength will apparently decrease.     

单纯手法复位与手法复位加敏使朗口服治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕疗效分析

目的 比较单纯手法复 位 和 手 法 复 位 加 口 服 抗 眩 晕 药 治 疗 后 半 规 管 良 性 阵 发 性 位 置 性 眩 晕（PC ？BPP V ） 的疗效。方法 将2004 年1 月～2011 年6 月期间收治的236 例 BPP V 患 者 随 机 分 为 两 组, 对 照 组 112 例采用单纯手法复位, 治疗组124 例在手法复位基础上加敏使朗口服, 两组均于治疗后1 周和3 个月时复查, 比较其疗效。结果 治疗后1 周时, 对照组和治疗组的有效率分别为86 .61 % 和89 .52 % , 治疗后3 个月时对照组有效率92 .86 % （104／112 ） , 治疗组有效率为93 .54 % （116／124 ） , 两者比较差异均无统计学意义（P ＞0 .05 ） 。结论 单纯手法复位法和手法复位加口服抗眩晕药物治疗 BPP V 疗效相当。     

减震油弹性模量及疲劳特性试验台设计与实现

油液的体积弹性模量以及疲劳特性参数是油液非常重要的物理参数,在液压系统中,直接影响系统的稳定性和动态品质.研究设计了弹性模量及疲劳特性参数测试试验台,基于弹性模量的定义对弹性模量进行测量计算,同时以专用车辆油气悬挂装置为对象,对悬挂内液压油疲劳特性参数进行测试,如:温度、粘度等.完成控制系统以及数据采集系统的设计,与上位机实时通讯,实现测试过程的自动化.     

不同温度下钛酸钡陶瓷体的X射线衍射技术研究

在不同温度下,首次采用国产X射线衍射(XRD)仪及配套低温附件对BaTiO3陶瓷体进行XRD测试技术研究.结果表明:从30到130℃温度范围内,BaTiO3陶瓷体的晶体结构显示四方对称性;高于130℃,进入立方区域,BaTiO3陶瓷的单胞体积随温度线性增加.同国外的粉末数据比较,验证了国产XRD技术的准确性和稳定性.     

聚氨酯快速(RIM)聚合的绝热反应动力学

用环氧乙烷封端的聚环氧丙烷聚醚二元醇与4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)或液化改性的MDI(L-MDI)进行快速本体聚合,比较了二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)、辛酸亚锡(SnOct)、硫醇锡(UL-29)以及相应的几种锡/胺体系在绝热条件下的催化活性.用非线性优化方法求取了反应动力学参数值.结果表明,在绝热条件下本体聚合的反应活化能为130～170kJ/mol,每当量NCO官能团的反应热为61～72kJ.催化剂的活性顺序为:SnOct>DBTDL>UL-29和BDTDL/DABCO(三乙烯二胺)>UL-29/DABCO>Snoct/DABCO.反应总级数为2级,催化剂种类的变化对反应总级数基本上无影响.     

SBS与醋酸乙烯酯本体接枝物的合成

以过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,醋酸乙烯酯为溶剂,在无氮气保护下,合成得到了主链为SBS支链为PVAC的接枝共聚物SBS-g VAC,其结构被红外光谱所证实;讨论了引发剂、时间、温度及SBS用量对接枝反应的影响。     

Base Pressure Measurements under a Scale Model Stockpile

The ability of a granular bulk material to transmit internal shear stress is a fundamental property that is often overlooked or underestimated, yet it is this ability that allows many observed physical phenomena to occur. One such area that continues to be a focus for numerical, theoreticals and experimental researchers is the pressure that a stockpile of granular material places on the supporting surface. While appearing to be a simple problem, the ability of granular materials to transmit shear stress makes this an extremely complex problem. This article presents high-quality data collected under a 2 m high stockpile and full details of the experimental facilities used in the collection of the data.

The work presented is of significant value, having a much greater scale than previous studies (Jotaki & Moriyama, 1979; Lee & Herington, 1971; Smid & Novosad, 1981), and the deliberate inclusion of a central reclaim channel offers insight into stress changes during gravity reclaim and refilling. The results of this work have shown that the so-called 'M' pressure does exist under larger stockpiles both with and without reclaim hoppers; of more significance is the reemergence of the M pressure upon refilling of an emptied stockpile. This clearly illustrates that the M pressure is a robust and natural pressure distribution for a conical stockpile.