改性聚偏氟乙烯接枝苯乙烯/丙烯酸磺酸电解质膜及其在CO传感器中的应用

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)作引发剂,通过溶液接枝聚合法把苯乙烯/丙烯酸同时接枝到原硅酸钠改性的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜上,磺化后得到聚偏氟乙烯接枝苯乙烯/丙烯酸磺酸(PVDF-g-PS/ PASA)膜.FTIR分析表明:苯乙烯和丙烯酸接枝到PVDF膜上;环境的相对湿度在20%～80%范围内,对PVDF-g-PS/ PASA膜电导率的影响基本不变,并达到0.0198S·cm-1,40℃保水率达99%.将膜应用于CO传感器中,传感器电流响应信号与CO气体浓度具有较好的线性关系.     

表面化学改性活性炭在水处理中的应用

介绍表面化学改性活性炭研究进展,针对其特点和改性方法作了系统描述.在此基础上,对其去除水中有机物、重金属离子、亚硝酸盐等污染物质做了简要说明.     

中空海胆状结构的碳包覆Fe2O3用作锂离子电池的高性能负极材料

Fe2O3由于成本低廉,储量丰富和理论比容量高(1007 mA hg^-1)等特点,在锂离子电池负极材料的应用中极具发展前景.然而一些问题仍然存在,如:充放电过程中比容量的迅速衰减,不可逆的体积膨胀以及较短的循环寿命等.这些问题严重制约了Fe2O3在锂离子电池中的实际应用.为了突破这些局限,本文以金属-有机骨架(MOF...     

金属氧化物和分子筛在CO2环加成中的研究进展

二氧化碳（CO2）是主要的温室气体,同时也是一种廉价、无毒且可再生的一碳资源,因此将CO2转化为有价值的精细化学品可有效减缓气候变化、助力实现碳中和。CO2与环氧化物的环加成反应具有高原子经济、高选择性、低污染等优点,其产物环状碳酸酯可作为锂离子电池电解质、聚合物材料前体以及精细化学品中间体,应用前景广阔。氧化物因具有结构多样、可调性强等优点在CO2与环氧化物的环加成反应中的应用引起了广泛的关注。文章综述了两种典型且成本低廉、易于规模化生产的氧化物——金属氧化物与分子筛催化CO2与环氧化物的环加成反应的研究进展,重点分析了反应机理以及催化剂的应用。今后的研究重点是高性能无助剂的非均相催化剂的开发以及催化机理的探究。     

考虑热动态的综合能源系统碳排放流建模与分析

在电力系统低碳转型背景下,传统的源侧碳排放控制难以满足碳排放责任公平分摊需求,亟需对多能源网络进行碳排放流(即碳流)追踪,明确源网荷碳排放责任。基于此,提出了热网准动态碳流模型,并对综合能源系统碳流进行建模与分析。介绍了热网静态碳流的管道计算模型;从热损耗和热延时两方面对热网管道的动态特性进行描述;在此基础上,引入热网管道储能变量刻画2种情况下热动态特性对管道和节点碳流分布的影响;进一步地,提出了热电联产机组的碳势计算方法和储能设备各时刻平均碳势的计算方法,并总结了电、热网络碳流联合分析方法;通过算例分析了静态和准动态热网模型下综合能源系统的碳流分布结果,并考虑了负荷热惯性及机组碳势对碳流分布的影响。     

计及负荷转移需求响应的低碳数据中心光储容量优化配置

为了解决高耗能数据中心低碳化转型问题,提出一种计及负荷转移需求响应的低碳数据中心光储容量配置方法。根据延时特性将数据中心负载分为交互性负载与延时性负载,通过比特-瓦特变换与数据中心电能使用效率得出负载与数据中心能耗之间的关系,以总净现值成本最低为目标函数,考虑清洁能源高渗透率水平、数据流需求响应管控约束,获得数据中心的光储容量配置结果。算例验证了所提方法的有效性。     

家用电冰箱碳排放评价指标体系研究

针对家用电冰箱的碳排放评价问题,本文在分析家用冰箱生命周期碳足迹的基础上,引用了调整容积的概念统一冰箱产品的功能描述,并基于产品功能与其生命周期碳排放关键影响因素构建了家用冰箱生命周期碳排放评价指标体系,为设计人员进行电冰箱的低碳设计提供支持。     

Carbon Metabolism of a Soilborne Mn(II)-Oxidizing Escherichia coli Isolate Implicated as a Pronounced Modulator of Bacterial Mn Oxidation

Mn(II)-oxidizing microorganisms are generally considered the primary driving forces in the biological formation of Mn oxides. However, the mechanistic elucidation of the actuation and regulation of Mn oxidation in soilborne bacteria remains elusive. Here, we performed joint multiple gene-knockout analyses and comparative morphological and physiological determinations to characterize the influence of carbon metabolism on the Mn oxide deposit amount (MnODA) and the Mn oxide formation of a soilborne bacterium, Escherichia coli MB266. Different carbon source substances exhibited significantly varied effects on the MnODA of MB266. A total of 16 carbon metabolism-related genes with significant variant expression levels under Mn supplementation conditions were knocked out in the MB266 genome accordingly, but only little effect on the MnODA of each mutant strain was accounted for. However, a simultaneous four-gene-knockout mutant (namely, MB801) showed an overall remarkable MnODA reduction and an initially delayed Mn oxide formation compared with the wild-type MB266. The assays using scanning/transmission electron microscopy verified that MB801 exhibited not only a delayed Mn-oxide aggregate processing, but also relatively smaller microspherical agglomerations, and presented flocculent deposit Mn oxides compared with normal fibrous and crystalline Mn oxides formed by MB266. Moreover, the Mn oxide aggregate formation was highly related to the intracellular ROS level. Thus, this study demonstrates that carbon metabolism acts as a pronounced modulator of MnODA in MB266, which will provide new insights into the occurrence of Mn oxidation and Mn oxide formation by soilborne bacteria in habitats where Mn(II) naturally occurs.     

Energy Deposition around Swift Carbon-Ion Tracks in Liquid Water

Energetic carbon ions are promising projectiles used for cancer radiotherapy. A thorough knowledge of how the energy of these ions is deposited in biological media (mainly composed of liquid water) is required. This can be attained by means of detailed computer simulations, both macroscopically (relevant for appropriately delivering the dose) and at the nanoscale (important for determining the inflicted radiobiological damage). The energy lost per unit path length (i.e., the so-called stopping power) of carbon ions is here theoretically calculated within the dielectric formalism from the excitation spectrum of liquid water obtained from two complementary approaches (one relying on an optical-data model and the other exclusively on ab initio calculations). In addition, the energy carried at the nanometre scale by the generated secondary electrons around the ion’s path is simulated by means of a detailed Monte Carlo code. For this purpose, we use the ion and electron cross sections calculated by means of state-of-the art approaches suited to take into account the condensed-phase nature of the liquid water target. As a result of these simulations, the radial dose around the ion’s path is obtained, as well as the distributions of clustered events in nanometric volumes similar to the dimensions of DNA convolutions, contributing to the biological damage for carbon ions in a wide energy range, covering from the plateau to the maximum of the Bragg peak.