Optimal allocation for electric vehicle charging stations using Trip Success Ratio

This paper proposes a new model for optimally allocating Plug–in Electric Vehicle (PEV) Charging Stations (CSs) in the network. The model considers Trip Success Ratio (TSR) in order to enhance CS accessibility for PEV drivers. Diversity of usage and different driving habits are considered in the presented model, as well as different trip types (In-city, Highway). The allocation model has two stages: modeling TSR to estimate Charging Station Service Range (CSSR), and the CS allocation stage. In the first stage, the service range of charging stations has been estimated using TSR with consideration of the uncertainty of trip distances (In-city, Highway) and the uncertainty in the Remaining Electric Range (RER) of PEVs. The estimated CSSR is utilized in the CS allocation stage in order to optimize the CS location set that covers the network with a certain guaranteed TSR level. The allocation problem has been formulated as the Maximum Covering Location Problem (MCLP) in order to make the optimal decision for allocating CSs in the network.     

河钢邯钢7号高炉近年高炉技术进步

河钢邯钢7#高炉,现有效容积2 000 m3。高炉克服设备缺陷大,高炉强化水平受到限制等因素,针对七高炉自身特点,我们通过解放思想、开拓思路,要求公司形成铁前以高炉为中心的理念,提高外围保障能力。并逐步加强了高炉的操作与管理的标准化、制度化推进,进一步优化上下部调剂,自2008年7月第二代炉役开炉以来,炉况保持长期稳定顺行,各项指标稳定在较好水平,炉况在外界条件变化时维持稳定局面,条件向好具备顺行局面的基础上采取积极争取指标措施,取得一定的技术进步,良好效果,尤其2011年以来利用系数2.5以上,实现了高炉长周期的稳定顺行。     

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基于高炉冷却壁光纤光栅热态实验的基本原理,分析了光纤光栅传感器在高炉冷却壁在线监测中的优势。对高炉冷却壁以光纤光栅为传感器的热态实验进行了系统误差分析,并探讨了系统误差产生的可能原因。通过实验数据分析,得到冷却壁表面温度和热应力与以光纤光栅传感器输出的波长之间的关系。对热态实验数据进行误差和不确定度的分析,从而确定数据的可靠性,为实验数据的修正和准确性判断提供了依据。     

Distribution network planning integrating charging stations of electric vehicle with V2G

Accompanied by the popularization of EVs, the planning of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations becomes an important concern of distribution network planning. In this paper, the load density method is introduced to determine the optimal capacity of the EV charging stations in the areas to be planned, and the difference between 1 and the weight coefficients obtained by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method is used to calculate the cost coefficients of the charging station. The objective function of the optimal distribution network planning model should be the minimal cost of the fixed investments, the operational costs and the maintenance costs including the substations, charging stations and feeders. In this model, the effect of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is considered, i.e., the EV is respectively treated as both the load and the source. Moreover, the electricity price volatility has been taken into consideration. In this case, EV owners can be guided to charge and discharge EV orderly. The ordinal optimization approach is applied to get the best solution. The results of the case study based on IEEE 54 nodes model show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model.     

VENTEC深孔钻系统在C620上的成功应用

论述了英国哈镘公司(HAMMOND)生产的HD3000型VENTEC深孔钻系统在C620上的成功应用经验,对VENTEC深孔钻系统的构成、工作原理、在车床上的安装以及系统在使用过程中易产生的各类故障等问题进行了分析总结和详细论述。     

醇溶性无机硅酸锌底漆的疵病及原因分析

本文介绍了醇溶性无机硅酸锌底漆在施工中出现的常见疵病,并从施工环境、表面处理、施工工艺进行原因分析,并提出了解决方法。     

交口隧道3号横洞挑顶方案和施工方法

以郑西铁路客运专线交口隧道3号横洞工程为例，详细介绍了渐进小导洞挑顶法的施工方法及步骤，并阐述了施工要点和注意事项，以期为今后类似黄土隧道横洞挑顶施工积累经验和进一步推广该技术的应用。     

增设人工成孔灌注桩对基础不均匀沉降的改善

结合具体工程实例,介绍了增设人工成孔灌注桩改善不均匀沉降的方法,分别介绍了施工工具和施工要点,具体阐述了施工过程中的质量及安全注意事项,经实践取得了理想效果,较好地解决了地基不均匀沉降问题。     

Electro-elastic fields of piezoelectric materials with an elliptic hole under uniform internal shearing forces

The existing investigations on piezoelectric materials containing an elliptic hole mainly focus on remote uniform tensile loads. In order to have a better understanding of the fracture behavior of piezoelectric materials under different loading conditions, theoretical and numerical solutions are presented for an elliptic hole in transversely isotropic piezoelectric materials subjected to uniform internal shearing forces based on the complex potential approach. By solving ten variable linear equations, the analytical solutions inside and outside the hole satisfying the permeable electric boundary conditions are obtained. Taking PZT-4 ceramic into consideration, numerical results of electro-elastic fields along the edge of the hole and axes, and the electric displacements in the hole are presented. Comparison with stresses in transverse isotropic elastic materials shows that the hoop stress at the ends of major axis in two kinds of material equals zero for the various ratios of major to minor axis lengths; If the ratio is greater than 1, the hoop stress in piezoelectric materials is smaller than that in elastic materials, and if the ratio is smaller than 1, the hoop stress in piezoelectric materials is greater than that in elastic materials; When it is a circle hole, the shearing stress in two materials along axes is the same. The distribution of electric displacement components shows that the vertical electric displacement in the hole and along axes in the material is always zero though under the permeable electric boundary condition; The horizontal and vertical electric displacement components along the edge of the hole are symmetrical and antisymmetrical about horizontal axis, respectively. The stress and electric displacement distribution tends to zero at distances far from the elliptical hole, which conforms to the conclusion usually made on the basis of Saint-Venant’s principle. Unlike the existing work, uniform shearing forces acting on the edge of the hole, and the distribution of electro-elastic fields     

入口管段增设整流栅对高炉鼓风机性能的优化

介绍了一种通过在高炉风机的S型入口段,增加整流栅,对风机入口流场进行梳理的方法,并对增设整流珊后的风机运行参数进行了现场测量与计算,得出了整流栅的增设对风机的性能的优化起到了很大的积极作用。