Poly(vinylidene fluoride) with zinc oxide and carbon nanotubes applied to pressure sheath layers in oil and gas pipelines

In this work, PVDF composites containing 0.2% (m/m) of carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), PVDF with 5.0% (m/m) of zinc oxide (ZnO), and composites containing both particles in the same contents in the matrix were melt processed in a mini-extruder machine with double screws, using the counter-rotation mode. Composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), and contact angle tests (CA). The samples presented the predominance of the α phase, with an increased degree of crystallinity as well as an increase in dimensional stability by incorporating both fillers, showing a synergistic effect between these particles, as shown on FTIR, DSC, and XRD results. SEM images showed a good dispersion of high aspect ratio particles. In general, DMA and TGA analysis showed that composites had not decreased their thermal and mechanical performance when compared to neat PVDF. Results of CA analysis showed an increase in the hydrophobicity of the sample containing MWCNTs. Permeability tests were also performed using a differential pressure system, combining high temperature and pressure, obtaining permeability measures and time lag. This work presents an alternative of composite materials, suggesting its application in the internal pressure sheath layers of oil and gas flexible pipes.     

家用冰箱储藏室内挥发性有机物检测及分析

为研究家用冰箱储藏室中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的释放量及主要来源,采用气相色谱–质谱法对工作状态下冰箱储藏室的VOCs含量进行检测;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对冷藏室的物料进行成分分析,同时用密封舱法探究冷藏室不同物料对VOCs含量贡献。结果表明,冰箱冷藏室物料中发泡聚苯乙烯风道泡沫释放的总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)、正戊烷及异戊烷最多,是造成异味的关键性物料,而正戊烷、异戊烷是冰箱异味的主要成分。聚氯乙烯门封条对异味的贡献也较大,通用聚苯乙烯抽屉体贡献的VOCs种类最多;在工作状态下,随着密闭时间的增加,冰箱储藏室的VOCs的种类及含量增加,但苯、甲苯、二甲苯、TVOC及戊烷类的含量均未超过国家标准。储藏室异戊烷含量较高,是冰箱的异味的主要来源。     

水平管内流型转换区湿气流经多孔板的压降特性

较之于传统的单孔板,多孔板有压损系数小、整流、低噪声等多方面优点,在湿气流量测量中具有重要应用价值。以空气和水为两相工质,在水平管内湿气流型转换区对小孔分别呈圆形和矩形的2个多孔板的压降特性进行了实验。结果表明:圆孔、槽孔多孔板的湿气压降特性无明显差别;多孔板的气相压降倍率与气相、液相弗劳德数均密切相关;与实验结果相比,现有均相流模型的预报结果均偏高,现有分相流模型的预报结果均偏低;通过气相、液相弗鲁德数双参数对孔板湿气压降模型进行修正,可明显提高压降关联式的预报准确度;基于均相流模型双参数修正所得的多孔板压降关联式的预报精度最优,对圆孔多孔板、槽孔多孔板的预报偏差分别在±7%、±10%以内。     

冷柱头进样气相色谱法分析橡胶防护蜡的碳数分布

研究冷柱头进样气相色谱法分析橡胶防护蜡的碳数分布以及正构烷烃/非正构烷烃比例。结果表明,采用冷柱头进样方法,在样品量为10 mg、样品完全溶解后静置10~30 min并取上层清液以及进样量为1μL时,分析得到的气相色谱峰的峰形和响应信号最优。本方法测定橡胶防护蜡的碳数分布以及正构烷烃/非正构烷烃比例结果准确、可靠。     

天然气开采企业生态环境保护监督要点探讨

天然气开采过程会产生废水、废气、噪声和固体废弃物,若管控不当将对生态环境造成影响和威胁,开展生态环境保护监督是提升企业生态环保管理,促进生态环境保护措施落实的重要手段。对此,本文阐述了天然气钻井、采气、集输、净化等过程的产污环节,并结合环保管理的要素提出了天然气开采企业生态环境保护监督内容,主要包括习近平生态文明思想贯彻落实、排污许可执行、建设项目环评与“三同时”合规管理、环境风险管控与隐患治理、清洁生产与温室气体管控、污染防治、环保培训与统计等。根据天然气开采行业特点,归纳总结了“查”、“看”、“问”、“听”、“演”、“测”、“考”、“录”的监督方法建议,提出了以标准化监督结合智能化与信息化监督,并以专项监督、日常监督和多级监督的生态环境保护监督模式。     

基于AprilTag图像识别的移动机器人定位研究

气流激振故障是燃汽轮机由于工作介质引发的常见故障,针对某型燃气轮机气流激振故障,建立峰值保持降采样算法和粒子群算法优化的深度置信网络故障诊断模型。使用峰值保持降采样法对振动数据进行缩减,并以之作为深度置信神经网络的输入,降低模型训练时间,同时采取粒子群算法对深度置信网络结构参数寻优,搜索诊断性能最好的深度置信模型所对应的网络结构参数。实例结果表明,优化后的模型不仅降低模型训练时间,实现网络结构参数智能寻优,还有效实现燃气轮机气流激振故障诊断,测试准确率约为99.8%。     

热裂解气质联用鉴别PA56、PA66和PA6

采用热裂解气质联用（Py-GC/MS）方法鉴别聚酰胺56（PA56）、聚酰胺66（PA66）和聚酰胺6（PA6）及其共混物。结果表明,在550 ℃裂解温度下,PA56与PA66相对丰度100 %的峰为环戊酮,分别具有特征裂解产物1,8-二氮杂环十三烷-2,7?二酮和1,8-二氮杂环十四烷-2,7-二酮,PA6相对丰度100 %的峰为己内酰胺;此方法可用于快速鉴别PA56、PA66和PA6的工业初级品,并成功检出了PA6/PA56共混物、PA6/PA66改性共混物与改性PA66。     

钢件的甲酰胺高温气体碳氮共渗

应用气体渗碳的计算机精确控制技术，对常用低碳钢（AISI8720）进行了高温气体碳氮共渗试验，对不同渗碳条件（在不同时间加入不可比例的甲酰胺）下低碳钢的渗层深度和硬度进行了测定和比较分析，得出渗氮介质比较例、时间等因素对于高温气体碳氮共渗过程的影响规律。     

Flexible Furnace Concepts for Vacuum Heat Treatment Combined with High-pressure Gas Quenching

IN the past five years the process combination of vacuum hardening, respectively vacuum carburizing with high-pressure gas quenching was successfully introduced to the market, especially in the manufacture of gears. In the meantime furnace concepts for various applications are available to the industry. In the following report three plant varieties are introduced, which differ in process flexibility and throughput. This report also explains criteria for the selection of a furnace in view of the existing application requirements. Besides this a short introduction is given into the vacuum carburizing process and the high-pressure gas quenching technology.     

纳米尺度下钯元素的催化效应及气敏机理

在研究了贵金属Pd和离子Pd2+催化剂对纳米结构厚膜材料气敏特性的影响之后,提出了纳米催化效应的见解。认为将微量Pd2+的水溶液加入到纳米晶SnO2-x粉体中,可使Pd2+离子均匀地分布。所形成的PdO1-x纳米晶,能更均匀地存在于纳米结构厚膜材料载体中,有望对可燃性气体起到最有效的纳米催化作用。实验结果表明当Pd2+离子最佳的引入量为1.04mol%时,对3000×10-6甲烷的灵敏度可达9～11。