Dynamic mechanical properties of particle‐reinforced EPDM composites

The dynamic mechanical property of particle‐reinforced ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) matrix composites has been studied by using a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA). The individual composite has been reinforced with the various reinforcing particles as follows: silicon carbide particles (SiCps) of 60 μm in average diameter with various volume fractions (i.e., 10–40%); copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) particles with 20 vol %; and SiCps with 6 and 36 μm in different average diameters with 20 vol % over the total composite volume. It is shown from the experimental results that the dynamic elastic modulus values increase and the composites with 40 vol % SiCps exhibit higher tan δ values through the entire rubbery phase after the glass transition region compared with the composites with lower particle volume percentages. This shows that the composites with 20 vol % Cu particles have the higher dynamic elastic modulus but the lower peak tan δ value than the composites with other particles of 20 vol % do. Scanning electron microscopy results show that the effective particle volume in the composite with Cu particles is higher than the other composites, although the same particle volume fraction of 20% has been used. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1595–1601, 2003     

Water uptake and mechanical characteristics of natural filler–polypropylene composites

Water uptake characteristics and some mechanical properties of polypropylene composites containing three types of natural fillers, purified α‐cellulose, wastepaper fibers, and wood flour were studied. The fiber contents were 15, 25, and 35% by weight. Two percent maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) was also added to the mix, as the compatibilizer agent. Mixing process was performed in a Brabender Plasticorder until a constant torque was reached. Composites made out of these combinations were then pressed in a laboratory press and ASTM standard test specimens were cut out of the sheets. Water absorption and tensile tests were performed on these specimens. The results showed a significant difference between the various filler types regarding water uptake. Water uptake also increased by the increase in filler content. Tensile strength and elongation at break in composites declined when compared with pure polypropylene, but their modulus of elasticity increased. Among the three types of fillers, no significant discrepancies were observed in terms of improving mechanical properties in composites. Filler content increase had no drastic effect regarding strength improvement. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 941–946, 2003     

Synthesis and characterization of styrenic‐based polymerized toner and its composite for electrophotographic printing

Suspension polymerization in an aqueous medium was applied to the syntheses of styrenic‐based polymerized toner particles. Poly(vinyl alcohol) and benzoyl peroxide were used as a dispersant and an initiator, respectively. The resulting polymerized toners were found to be smooth on their spherical surfaces, and the particle sizes were 4–10 μm with a coefficient of variation of 20–30%. In most cases, a correlation between small particle sizes with high weight‐average molecular weights was observed. The glass‐transition temperature (T_g) of the polymerized toner could be controlled by the molar ratio of the comonomer between styrene and n‐butyl acrylate (nBA). T_g decreased when the content of nBA in copolymer increased, due to its rubbery state along with the increasing carbon black feed level, because the surface functional groups of the carbon black pigment inhibited the rate of polymerization and decreased the molecular weight of the resulting polymerized toners. The T_g's of the resulting polymerized toners were 66–70°C. Triboelectricity [the charge‐to‐mass ratio (q/m)] of the resulting polymerized toners was 7–20 μCg^?1 in the presence of borobis(1,1‐diphenyl‐1‐oxo‐acetyl)potassium salt. An analysis of print quality showed high background fog, low maximum density, and a small amount of image raggedness. The print result correlated with the q/m values. This article elucidates the polymerization technique, charging properties, and image qualities. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 238–248, 2003     

In2S3/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化降解四环素

本文分别采用热缩聚法和水热法合成了g-C₃N₄和In₂S₃,再用简单的机械研磨工艺制备出了In₂S₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对In₂S₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂的晶体结构、形貌、微观结构和光学性质进行了表征,在可见光照射下,通过降解四环素(TC)来评价其光催化活性。结果表明,研磨比例为1∶4(摩尔比)的In₂S₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂表现出最佳的光催化性能,在氙灯下TC的光降解表观速率常数是0.025 1 min^-1,分别是In₂S₃和g-C₃N₄的2.9倍和1.6倍,在自然光下TC的光降解表观速率常数是0.010 4 min^-1,分别是In₂S₃和g-C₃N₄的2.6倍和1.4倍。In₂S₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂优异的光催化性能归功于载流子的高效迁移和分离以及增强的光吸收能力。本研究为设计和开发用于抗生素废水处理的可见光响应光催化剂提供了一条有前景的途径。     

煤化工废水中油泥的聚结分离与水中有机物的去除效果

针对煤化工废水中存在的高浓度油及油泥的问题,本研究制备了高电荷、低聚合度的无机复合材料和低电荷、高聚合度的有机复合材料,探究无机、有机复合材料协同作用下对煤化工废水中油及油泥的聚结分离效果以及对废水中有机物的去除特性。结果表明,无机、有机复合材料在复合比例为500∶1的条件下,废水中油和固体悬浮物（SS）去除率分别达到55%和98%;现场试验发现,无机、有机复合材料对油含量1700～2000mg/L,SS含量为1500～2000mg/L的废水,油和SS的去除率一直稳定于50%和95%左右,表现出较好的稳定性;进一步对废水中典型有机物的去除效果研究可知,该复合材料同时也对废水中各类有机物有较好的去除效果,多环芳烃（PAHs）、苯系物和酚类物质的去除率可达到82.85%、41.9%和37.56%。可以发现,无机、有机复合材料可有效解决煤化工废水中油及油泥的去除问题,具有广阔的产业化应用前景。     

共改性煤粉增强丁苯橡胶的硫化、力学和热稳定性能研究

将硅烷偶联剂KH⁃560和硫化促进剂CZ共改性煤粉（Coal）作为增强填料加入到丁苯橡胶（SBR）中制备改性SBR/ Coal复合材料,通过设置不同的共改性Coal的添加量,寻找KH⁃560、CZ共改性Coal增强丁苯橡胶的最佳实验配比。结果表明,KH⁃560的最佳添加量为Coal质量的5 %,此时SBR/ Coal⁃KH560复合材料的力学性能最佳; KH⁃560和CZ改性Coal可以明显减少Coal团聚现象,在丁苯橡胶中均匀分散。当Coal⁃KH560⁃CZ添加量为40 %时,与纯SBR相比,拉伸强度由1.66 MPa升高至2.9 MPa,断裂伸长率由295 %升高至390 %,撕裂强度由7.1 N/mm增加至11.6 N/mm,复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性能得到改善,加工性能也得到较大提升。     

短切碳纤维对聚苯腈/碳纤维复合材料性能的影响

利用碳纤维（CF）增强聚苯腈（PN）树脂制备一系列PN/CF复合材料,利用万能试验机和动态热机械分析仪（DMA）,研究短CF含量、长度与偶联剂种类对PN树脂力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用苯基三乙氧基硅烷作为偶联剂时力学性能和热稳定性达到最佳水平,相较于未经偶联剂改性PN/CF复合材料的储能模量提高了22.2%,热失重5%温度（Td5%）提高了33.1%;随着CF掺杂量的增加,材料力学性能呈现先增大后减小趋势,在0.3%（质量分数,下同）时获得了最优异力学性能,相较于PN树脂,其弯曲强度提高了38.4%,弯曲模量提升了97.7%;CF长度为6 mm时材料的弯曲强度和储能模量优于CF长度为3 mm时的材料。     

短切/连续碳纤维协同增强本征导热环氧树脂基复合材料研究

采用含有联苯介晶基元结构的3,3’,5,5’-四甲基联苯二酚二缩水甘油醚（TMBP）与含有芳香酰胺介晶基元结构的固化剂4,4-二氨基苯酰替苯胺（DABA）制备本征导热TMBP/DABA环氧树脂。结果表明,热导率高达0.33 W/（m·K）,比普通双酚A缩水甘油醚（DGEBA）/4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷（DDM）环氧树脂的热导率高约50%,相应短切碳纤维（含量为75%,质量分数,下同）增强复合材料面外和面内热导率分别高约42.7%和40.2%。采用紫外臭氧氧化方法对短切碳纤维（SCF）和连续碳纤维（M55J）进行表面改性,发现能够明显改善纤维与基体树脂之间的界面结合强度,进而提高复合材料的导热性能。进一步采用SCF和M55J为增强纤维、本征导热TMBP/DABA环氧树脂为基体树脂制备出短切/连续碳纤维协同增强本征导热环氧树脂基复合材料SCF/M55J/TMBP/BADA。SCF的加入能够同时改善M55J/TMBP/DABA单向复合材料板沿X、Y、Z轴方向的热导率,分别最高达到98.07、48.23、9.40 W/（m·K）。为改善复合材料综合导热性能提供了一种新思路。     

聚乳酸/芦苇纤维复合材料降解性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了不同比例的聚乳酸/芦苇纤维（PLA/RF）共混物,并通过吹塑制备了相对应的薄膜。研究了在蛋白酶K的作用下不同RF含量的PLA/RF薄膜的生物降解性能,同时用差示扫描量热法（DSC）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测定了样品降解过程中的结晶行为以及表面形貌变化。结果表明,RF对PLA的酶解降解有促进作用,随着RF含量的增加PLA/RF复合材料的酶解速率提升,其中含有30 %（质量分数,下同）芦苇纤维的PLA/RF薄膜的降解速率最大,16天内可降解81.11 %。研究还表明,加入芦苇纤维可以降低PLA的结晶度,从而影响降解速度。     

乳液聚合法制备聚合物/石墨烯复合材料研究进展

综述了近些年来使用乳液聚合法制备聚合物/石墨烯复合材料的国内外研究现状,详细阐述了制备聚合物/石墨烯复合材料的乳液聚合方法,总结了乳液聚合法中聚合物的种类和石墨烯的改性方法以及复合材料的性能改善,并对乳液聚合法制备聚合物/石墨烯复合材料的应用领域和研究方向进行了展望。