近距空空导弹复合制导关键技术研究

为满足近距空空导弹射程不断增大以及大离轴角发射的需要,第四代近距空空导弹越来越多地采用复合制导技术,中末制导律的选择以及中末制导交接班是其中的两项关键技术。通过比较分析,确定了适用于近距空空导弹的中制导律和末制导律,设计了基于最优预测比例导引中制导+比例导引末制导的复合制导方案;应用了一种平滑过渡的中末制导交接律,满足了中末交接时弹道平滑的要求。与采用传统全程比例导引律的导弹弹道进行了对比,给出了仿真结果,证明了上述方法的合理性和可行性。     

几种不同碳化物颗粒在堆焊复合材料中的特征

用硬度、金相、Ｘ射线衍射、磨损试验等测试方法，对几种不同类型的管装碳化物硬质合金堆焊焊条进行了性能的对比试验，探讨了烧结ＷＣ、铸造ＷＣ和烧结ＴｉＣ堆焊合金的不同特性：铸造ＷＣ耐磨性最高，但冲击韧性差；烧结ＴｉＣ和烧结ＷＣ耐磨性相当，但ＴｉＣ焊接工艺较差，为应用不同类型的管装碳化物耐磨焊条提供一定的参考数据     

ZnPd/ZnO Aerogels as Potential Catalytic Materials

Many different aerogel materials are known to be accessible via the controlled destabilization of the respective nanoparticle suspensions. Especially for applications in heterogeneous catalysis such materials with high specific surface areas are highly desirable. Here, a facile method to obtain a mixed ZnPd/ZnO aerogel via a reductive treatment of a preformed Pd/ZnO aerogel is presented. Different morphologies of the Pd/ZnO aerogels could be achieved by controlling the destabilization of the ZnO sol. All aerogels show a high CO₂ selectivity of up to 96% and a very good activity in methanol steam reforming that delivers hydrogen, which is one of the most important fuels for future energy concepts. The method presented is promising for different transition metal/metal oxide systems and hence opens a path to a huge variety of materials.     

多值逻辑在不确定性知识表示及推理中的应用

针对传统产生规则和Ｂｏｏｌｅａｎ规则矩阵无法进行不确定性知识表示和推理的弱点,文章采用三值逻辑表示规则和真值状态的不确定性,提出一值产生式规则（Ｔ规则）和三值规则矩阵（ＴＲ矩阵）,利用ＴＲ矩阵变换实现高速产向推理和后向推理。对复合三值规则的无损分解进行详细探讨。最后提出了一个能进行不确定推理的新算法。     

Wetting interaction between Sn-Zn-Ag solders and Cu

The wetting interaction of Sn-(7.1–9)Zn-(0–3)Ag solders with Cu was investigated from 230°C to 300°C. The wetting time, wetting forces, and activation energy of the wetting reaction were studied. The wetting time decreases with increasing temperature and increases with Ag content. The wetting force exhibits a disproportional correlation to temperature rise, while no trend was observed with respect to Ag content. The wetting behavior was ascribed to the interaction between Cu and Zn. The AgZn₃ compound was formed at the interface when the solder contains 0.3% Ag and above, while it was formed within the bulk solder at 2% Ag and above.     

Solid-state intermetallic compound layer growth between copper and 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu solder

Long-term, solid-state intermetallic compound (IMC) layer growth was examined in 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu (wt.%)/copper (Cu) couples. Aging temperatures and times ranged from 70°C to 205°C and from 1 day to 400 days, respectively. The IMC layer thicknesses and compositions were compared to those investigated in 96.5Sn-3.5Ag/Cu, 95.5Sn-0.5Ag-4.0Cu/Cu, and 100Sn/Cu couples. The nominal Cu₃Sn and Cu₆Sn₅ stoichiometries were observed. The Cu₃Sn layer accounted for 0.4–0.6 of the total IMC layer thickness. The 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu/Cu couples exhibited porosity development at the Cu₃Sn/Cu interface and in the Cu₃Sn layer as well as localized “plumes” of accelerated Cu₃Sn growth into the Cu substrate when aged at 205°C and t>150 days. An excess of 3–5at.%Cu in the near-interface solder field likely contributed to IMC layer growth. The growth kinetics of the IMC layer in 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu/Cu couples were described by the equation x=x_o+Atⁿexp [−ΔH/RT]. The time exponents, n, were 0.56±0.06, 0.54±0.07, and 0.58±0.07 for the Cu₃Sn layer, the Cu₆Sn₅, and the total layer, respectively, indicating a diffusion-based mechanism. The apparent-activation energies (ΔH) were Cu₃Sn layer: 50±6 kJ/mol; Cu₆Sn₅ layer: 44±4 kJ/mol; and total layer: 50±4 kJ/mol, which suggested a fast-diffusion path along grain boundaries. The kinetics of Cu₃Sn growth were sensitive to the Pb-free solder composition while those of Cu₆Sn₅ layer growth were not so.     

红外目标与干扰模拟器光学系统研究

介绍了带有两个干扰的红外目标与干扰模拟器的光学系统;它采用两个黑体分别作为红外目标和干扰模拟辐射源,通过两个摆镜产生两个不同方向、不同速度和不同时间的干扰。     

铝基复合材料结构遥感器设计分析

空间遥感器光学反射镜的高刚度、支撑结构的合理性以及良好的热尺寸稳定性是保证其成像的关键因素。遥感器的重量对于运载平台也是至关重要的。针对这些问题,提出一种支撑杆的连接方式,能够减轻遥感器的重量。反射镜和背板采用高体份铝基复合材料,不仅保证高度、强度,而且因采用同一种材料从而避免了热环境对遥感器结构变形的影响。通过采用有限元仿真分析,在重力和10°温升情况下各反射镜的面形PV值〈55nm,满足〈1/10λ（λ=632.8nm）指标要求,整个结构的前三阶模态为115Hz,120Hz,203Hz。结果表明,采用支撑杆以及铝基复合材料的遥感器结构能够满足空间环境要求,为进一步工程应用提供了理论依据。     

Ni颗粒增强无铅复合钎料中IMC形态之演变

通过改变钎焊工艺曲线来控制热输入量。研究了Ni颗粒周围金属间化合物(IMC)以及钎料/基板界面处IMC的形态演变。结果表明,随着热输入量由低变高,Ni颗粒周围IMC形态从向日葵状向多边形状发展,最终成为遍布整个钎料层的细碎的IMC形态;而钎料/基板界面层,因Ni颗粒的加入,出现大量的三维孔洞状IMC。从而形成了Cu元素扩散的通道,使得界面层厚度增加且呈线性增长趋势。     

制备人工复眼结构的方法

提出了一种人工复眼结构的制备技术。人工复眼结构是由类似于昆虫复眼的很多小眼组成。这些小眼分布在球冠基底上以能够像昆虫复眼一样实现大视场探测。通过分析不同制备技术的特点及适用范围,研究材料的特性以及不同材料之间的关系,并将各种制作工艺以及材料相融合,发展了一种可用于制备曲面微阵列元件的制备方法。在该方法中,利用微加工技术在平面上制备作为子眼的微透镜列阵结构;然后利用软光刻技术将该微透镜结构进行翻模,获得分布在柔性基底上的凹透镜列阵结构;最后利用浇铸复制技术将柔性基底上的结构转移到球冠基底上,获得所需的人工复眼结构。利用该方法,开展了相关实验,在曲面基底上制备出了包含20 000多个子眼的人工复眼结构。