基于最小势能原理的三维边坡稳定矢量和法

确定滑面应力状态以及坡体滑动方向,是运用矢量和法进行边坡稳定性分析的关键。针对任意形状的滑移面,基于最小势能原理获取滑面上的应力,通过使得系统势能最小的虚位移求解滑面上的法向力以及剪切力。同时,将边坡整体运动趋势视为微面抗滑力矢量和的相反方向,构建了一种抗滑力方向的计算方法。将滑体上的所有力在滑动方向上进行投影得到抗滑力与下滑力,二者的比值定义为边坡的安全系数。相比以往的研究,文中方法无需假定主滑面,同时避免了初始滑动方向的确定。为验证该方法的可行性,用其计算了2个经典算例的安全系数、滑动方向以及法向应力,并将其应用于某实际工程。结果表明:该方法在2个经典算例中得到的结果与其余算法结果较为接近,验证了其合理性;在实际工程中,文中方法与其他算法的计算所得安全系数较为接近。研究成果为边坡稳定计算提供了新的思路。     

前坪水库溢洪道高边坡设计方案优化研究

前坪水库溢洪道高边坡的初步设计方案中,开挖边坡坡度为1∶0.5,采用5 m长锚杆Φ25 mm@2×2 m加固支护。通过系统优化研究,调整开挖边坡坡度为1∶0.4,采用10 m长锚杆Φ25 mm@3×3 m加固支护。采用GEO-SLOPE软件对不同工况下前坪水库溢洪道高边坡的稳定性进行了极限平衡分析,并采用FLAC 3D软件计算了不同工况下边坡的应力和变形分布规律。计算结果表明:优化设计方案中溢洪道高边坡开挖后在无水、正常水位及相应地震工况下的安全系数均大于1.3,满足规范要求。按优化设计方案开挖后,边坡在无水、遭遇洪水及地震3种工况下,开挖面上的最大主应力均出现拉应力,3种工况下的最大拉应力为0.24 MPa,小于安山玢岩的抗拉强度。优化设计方案与初步设计阶段的方案相比,可减少土石方开挖量约5万m3,具有显著的经济效益。     

砂性土坡面防护结构抗降雨冲刷性能试验研究

针对砂性土堤防坡面抗雨水冲刷能力弱的工程实际,建立砂性土坡面冲刷试验模型,开展降雨冲刷试验,研究不同砂性土堤防坡面保护层抗冲刷性能。分析降雨条件下不同砂性土堤防坡面保护层的冲刷过程,总结出沙土、膨润土与秸秆三者混合形成的坡面保护层能够抵抗雨水冲刷、保障植物种子顺利成长,便于施工。     

Groundwater impact of open cut coal mine and an assessment methodology: A case study in NSW

Large scale open cut coal mining operations have significant impacts to groundwater in surrounding areas in both active and post-mining phases. The prediction of water inflows into a surface mine excavation is one of the many components involved in mine design phase. Groundwater performance also reacts to mining activities from the operational, economic and safety implications perspective. Under NSW planning legislation, as part of the comprehensive risk assessment, a groundwater impact assessment has to be conducted for a coal project to predict and mitigate the impacts in consideration of the government requirements. In this paper, the groundwater assessment modelling of mine pits was discussed in predicting of groundwater inflows and reviewing analytical and numerical approaches. A methodology of groundwater impact assessment for an open cut mine in NSW with a three-dimensional groundwater flow model Modflow Surfact demonstrated its functions in simulating the project's impacts on the groundwater regime. The key findings with mitigations are discussed and recommended in the paper to reduce impacts on groundwater and fulfil regulation requirements in NSW.     

边坡筋锚三维网柔性防护结构的稳定性分析

针对降雨时边坡筋锚三维网柔性防护结构可能沿坡面滑动失稳的问题,基于极限平衡理论,考虑雨水击溅和坡面水流冲刷作用,建立了降雨条件下边坡筋锚三维网柔性防护结构的稳定性分析模型,并进行了实例分析,探讨了边坡倾角、降雨强度、防护结构层厚度、锚钉间距、锚钉锚固长度对防护结构稳定性的影响。结果表明:与无降雨相比,降雨条件下边坡筋锚三维网柔性防护结构受到的下滑力增大,抗滑力减小,防护结构的稳定性明显降低;在相同的防护结构设计参数下,防护结构的稳定性随边坡倾角增加而减小,当坡面形成径流后,降雨强度对防护结构稳定性的影响比较小;在相同的边坡条件下,防护结构的稳定性系数随锚钉间距、结构层厚度的增大而减小,随锚钉锚固长度的增加而增大;锚钉间距和锚固长度对防护结构稳定性的影响最显著,锚钉间距可通过建立的模型合理确定,锚固长度不宜小于0.5 m。     

格宾网箱覆绿功能反滤层优化设计研究

格宾网箱应用于边坡工程时具备护坡、覆绿及材料就地利用等多种特点。为了保证格宾网箱中的植被能够稳定存活,并且防止强降雨条件下植被土颗粒的流失,需对格宾网箱填充物进行反滤层的优化设计,从而实现绿色生态护坡的目的。依托北京冬奥会张家口赛区正在实施的“科技冬奥”项目,在模拟当地最大降雨强度条件下,采用自行设计的试验装置开展了反滤层的防冲刷试验,探究反滤层层数、厚度和反滤料粒径对反滤层防冲刷效果的影响,最终确定了格宾网箱覆绿功能反滤层的优化设计。试验结果表明：反滤层层数设置为两层,上下层厚度均为100 mm且上层碎石粒径小于20 mm、下层碎石粒径为20~100 mm时,反滤层的防冲刷效果最佳。     

Stability analysis of the sliding process of the west slope in Buzhaoba Open-Pit Mine

To study the stability of the west slope in Buzhaoba Open-Pit Mine and determine the aging stability coefficient during slide mass development, the deformation band of the west slope and the slide mass structure of the 34,600 profile are obtained on the basis of hydrology, geology, and monitoring data.The residual thrust method is utilized to calculate the stability coefficients, which are 1.225 and 1.00 under sound and transfixion conditions, respectively. According to the rock damage and fragmentation and the principle of mechanical parameter degradation, the mechanical models of the slide mass development of the hard and soft rock slopes are established. An integrated model for calculating the slope stability coefficient is built considering water, vibration, and other external factors that pertain to the structural plane damage mechanism and the generating mechanism of the sliding mass. The change curve of the stability coefficient in the slide mass development is obtained from the relevant analyses,and afterwards, the stability control measures are proposed. The analysis results indicate that in the cracking stage of the hard rock, the slope stability coefficient decreases linearly with the increase in the length Lbof the hard rock crack zone. The linear slope is positively correlated to rock cohesion c. In the transfixion stage of the soft rock, the decrease speed of the stability coefficient is positively correlated to the residual strength of the soft rock. When the slope is stable, the stability coefficient is in a quadratic-linear relationship with the decreased height Dh of the side slope and in a linear relationship with anchoring force P.     

Influence of depth-thickness ratio of mining on the stability of a bedding slope with its sliding surface in concave deformation

In order to study the influence of depth-thickness ratio on bedding slope stability, whose sliding surface is flexural concave in shape under mining conditions, this paper aims to study the characteristics of deformation and damage of bedding sliding with depth-thickness ratios of 200:1, 150:1, 120:1, 100:1 and 50:1by adopting numerical simulation analysis software combined with laboratory-made ‘‘under the influence of mining variable sliding surface slope similar simulation test bed", and to propose identification methods for slope stability under the influence of mining. The results show that mining activities under the slope reduce slope stability. With a decrease in the mining depth ratio, the influence of mining on the slope increases gradually, and the damage to the slope gradually expands, the stability of the slope gradually reduces, fracture occurs on the slope toe and the central fissure gradually develops to the surface,and reaches slide threshold when the depth-thickness ratio is 50:1.     

某县绕城路高陡边坡稳定性分析与处治措施?

高边坡稳定性分析与治理是一项复杂的工程问题,工程性质及边坡岩体结构是影响高陡边坡稳定的关键因素。针对某县绕城路开挖后形成的高陡边坡,用定性与定量结合的方法对该边坡进行分析,最终提出了较合理的边坡支护与处治措施,为以后同类型的工程提供借鉴实例。     

河南工业绿色发展效率演化及其影响因素研究

推动工业绿色发展,是中原经济区建设的核心任务之一。基于标杆管理思想,运用DEA模型对2001-2012年河南省工业绿色发展效率演化趋势进行研究,并通过灰色斜率关联度模型分析了工业绿色发展效率的影响因素。结果表明:河南省工业绿色发展效率呈现缓慢上升的演化趋势,工业外延式发展特征明显;究其原因,工业结构重型化和环境规制不足制约了工业绿色发展效率的提高,城市化、工业化、产业转移、经济发展水平这4个因素对河南省工业绿色发展效率有较大的正向促进作用,创新驱动因素对河南省工业绿色发展效率的提高仅有微弱的促进作用。最后,根据研究结果提出了促进河南省工业绿色发展的政策建议。