埋地管道开挖边坡有限元法优化设计

在埋地管道输水方案中,沟槽开挖坡比的大小直接影响施工安全、管材安装质量及工程投资与经济效益,因此,合理设计开挖坡比具有重大意义。以阜城—景县输水管道工程为工程背景,根据给定工程地质,基于有限元强度折减法,以ANSYS软件为计算工具,对沟槽开挖边坡进行安全稳定性计算。通过计算假定开挖坡比的边坡稳定性,获得不同开挖坡比下的沟槽边坡达到破坏时的安全系数,再根据选取的最优安全系数,确定最优开挖边坡。同时,基于上述方法,计算分析了开挖坡比与边坡安全系数的非线性关系,根据计算结果得出了有益结论与意见。     

基于嵌入式视觉的子机器人入舱方法

提出一种基于嵌入式视觉的子机器人入舱方法, 用于子母式机器人系统中对子机器人的回收. 子机器人基于自身嵌入式平台捕获和处理入口处的引导标识图像, 根据局部颜色排布特征快速提取出标识中心, 利用最小二乘法拟合水平颜色交界线的成像斜率, 基于成像斜率-视偏角模型判别出子机器人航向与入口平面的法线关系, 从而进行运动决策使二者重合以完成入舱. 该方法无需摄像头标定和航迹测量即可准确入舱, 仿真实验验证了所提出方法的有效性.

     

三维激光扫描技术的高边坡开挖质量评价方法研究

本文将三维激光扫描技术引入到高边坡开挖质量整体评价中,通过数字化仿真试验对基于点云数据的4种评价方法进行了对比和评价,验算了三维激光扫描技术与全站仪配套工作数据配准的精度。通过工程实例,采用点云比较与断面法对边坡开挖质量进行全面的分析。研究表明:三维激光扫描技术可以提高开挖边坡质量评价的精度,增强了对开挖面形态的了解,为下一工序的施工提供理论支撑。     

高陡边坡深部卸荷张拉裂缝的成因机制探讨

在高地应力地区,一些特定的高陡边坡,其内部发育有大量的深部张拉裂缝,水平深度可达200 ~300 m,甚至更深,超出了工程经验中对卸荷改造规律的认识,合理解释这一特殊的工程地质现象成为工程地质学的新课题。通过对前人研究成果的分析和总结,从边坡岩体的赋存环境、岩体结构和地质构造等方面,对深部张拉裂缝的成因机制进行了进一步的探讨。从现阶段的研究结果看,这种深部卸荷张拉裂缝对边坡稳定性只是产生局部的影响,但这些深部裂缝在内动力作用或充水的条件下,裂缝可能会进一步扩大发展,对边坡的稳定性起到控制作用。     

滑坡前缘开挖后滑坡变形特征分析及稳定性评价——以贵州省岑巩县大榕滑坡为例

岑巩县大榕滑坡发生后,形成堰塞湖,为了疏通河道,对滑坡前缘进行了分级开挖碾压。为掌握大榕滑坡的稳定性状况,对滑坡实施了安全监测。对监测数据进行分析发现：滑坡发生后坡体处于稳定状态;在前缘开挖及强降雨作用下,坡体出现较大变形,之后的2～3个月处于应力与状态大幅调整阶段;特定环境下强降雨或长时间连续降雨对土体的含水率的影响是有限的,含水率不随降雨强度的增大而无限增大,但孔隙水头明显与降雨强度有关,可能成为滑坡发生滑动的主要因素。监测数据及极限平衡法分析表明,该滑坡整体稳定性较好,在强降雨作用下局部处于欠稳定状态。     

基于随机动力学的边坡安全坡角估值方法探讨

对于广泛分布大量裂隙的岩质边坡,有些并无明显的软弱面,裂隙的分布方位对边坡稳定性就起着控制作用,但在实际工作中,往往存在安全坡角取值不准确的问题。传统方法是找到边坡内部裂隙的优势分组,应用赤平投影方法估计边坡安全坡角。随机动力学稳定性分析认为,最危险滑动面的滑动方向为边坡的倾向方向,岩壁上测量出的每一条裂隙都是随机的,对边坡的失稳都会造成一定的影响,裂隙可形成单一滑动面破坏或裂隙之间可随机组合形成楔形体进而对边坡造成破坏。以大连港东换流站的开挖边坡为实例,采用随机动力学方法与赤平投影分析相结合进行对比分析,给出合理的安全坡角。     

水电站边坡开挖质量控制系统的开发与应用

为了提高水电站边坡开挖质量控制的精细化程度并实现信息化管理,将基于三维激光扫描获取的海量高精度点云数据运用到边坡开挖质量控制中。根据边坡开挖质量控制理论,在系统分析用户需求的基础上,采用结构模块化设计方法和软件开发技术设计并开发了水电站边坡开挖质量控制系统。系统由数据录入、开挖面数据分析、开挖面剖面分析、事故查询和统计报表5个模块组成,可实现边坡开挖全过程质量控制信息的实时、动态和交互式查询。某水电站边坡开挖质量控制现场管理应用结果表明,系统运行结果真实可靠,可为边坡开挖质量控制与现场管理提供信息支撑,辅助工程技术人员及时采取相关质量控制措施。     

A destination-based approach for cut detection in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks often suffer from disrupted connectivity caused by its numerous aspects such as limited battery power of a node and unattended operation vulnerable to hostile tampering. The disruption of connectivity, often referred to as network cut, leads to ill-informed routing decisions, data loss and waste of energy. A number of protocols have been proposed to efficiently detect network cuts; they focus solely on a cut that disconnects nodes from the base station. However, a cut detection scheme is truly useful when a cut is defined with respect to multiple destinations (i.e. target nodes), rather than a single base station. Thus, we extend the existing notion of cut detection, and propose an algorithm that enables sensor nodes to autonomously monitor the connectivity to multiple target nodes. We introduce a novel reactive cut detection solution, the point-to-point cut detection, where given any pair of source and destination, a source is able to locally determine whether the destination is reachable or not. Furthermore, we propose a lightweight proactive cut detection algorithm specifically designed for a network scenario with a small set of target destinations. We prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms through extensive simulations; specifically, in our network configurations, proposed cut detection algorithms achieve more than an order of magnitude improvement in energy consumption, when coupled with an underlying routing protocol.     

On absolute (robust) stability: slope restrictions andstability multipliers

Absolute stability for systems with several sector‐restricted and slope‐restricted nonlinearities is studied in this paper. A critical analysis of the multipliers is performed and the multipliers of Yakubovich type are chosen because the stability inequality is obtained with a minimum of technical assumptions. The main part of the paper is devoted to obtaining the Yakubovich‐type criterion in the unified context of stable, critical, and unstable cases for the linear part. The paper is motivated by the problem of pilot in‐the‐loop oscillations of the aircrafts where critical and unstable cases appear and the saturation nonlinearity is both sector and slope restricted. The paper contains some applications of the frequency domain inequalities. The conclusions show a ‘parsimony principle’: using as few free parameters as possible to obtain the largest possible domain of stability. The paper ends with conclusions and hints for further development. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈锦屏一级水电站高边坡预应力锚索破坏性试验

锦屏一级水电站左岸边坡高度大、坡度陡、地质条件复杂,在开挖过程中,采用浅层支护与深层支护相结合,在整个左岸边坡布置了大量的预应力锚索。为验证岩体预应力锚索设计参数,优化锚索施工工艺,加快施工进度,并为大规模施工积累经验,在复杂的地质条件下做了预应力锚索破坏性试验(受力性能试验)。试验表明,工程采用的锚固材料和锚固结构满足安全要求。