巯基棉分离富集-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定岩矿中痕量金和钯

岩矿样品经混合酸溶解后,在1.2 mol/L HCl介质中,采用巯基棉分离富集其中的Au和Pd,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定Au和Pd的方法.对样品分解、吸附、洗脱条件等进行了研究.实验表明,使用巯基棉分离富集和选择适当的同位素消除了质谱干扰,采用基体匹配法和以Re为内标元素校正了基体效应和仪器波动的影响.Au和Pd的方法检出限为0.13和0.22 ng/g.使用该法分析标准物质,分析结果与认定值一致,相对标准偏差为(RSD,n=9)4.8％～8.3％,可满足岩矿样品的分析测试要求.     

哀牢山构造带金矿床类型及成矿规律

哀牢山构造带是西南三江地区最重要的金多金属成矿带之一,也是世界上著名的构造岩浆带之一.哀牢山构造带由于受印度-欧亚大陆碰撞以及喜马拉雅造山带地质构造演化影响,成矿构造复杂,成矿条件优越,构造带内金矿床类型复杂.从矿床应用类型的角度,将哀牢山构造带的金矿床划分7种金矿床类型.袁牢山构造带金矿成矿作用具有以下突出特点:成矿...     

Extraction of membrane lipids during fixation,dehydration and embedding of Acholeplasma laidlawii-cells for electron microscopy

The aim of the present investigation was to study the extent to which lipids are extracted from biological membranes during dehydration and embedding procedures carried out at high or low temperatures. Cells of Acholeplasma laidlawii were used as experimental material, since the lipids of this bacterium easily can be radioactively labelled without labelling the rest of the cell, and the lipids are almost entirely located in the cytoplasmic membrane. The cells were fixed at 277 K with glutaraldehyde, sequentially with this reagent and osmium tetroxide, or with glutaraldehyde, osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate in that order. Loss of lipid during these procedures was negligible. When cells fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide were dehydrated with ethanol at room temperature and embedded in Epon at 333 K, i.e. subjected to a conventional treatment, about 90% of the lipid content of the cells was extracted. The loss was reduced to c. 20% when treatment with uranyl acetate was included in the procedure and the non-polar methacrylate resin Lowicryl HM20 was substituted for Epon. When cells fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide were dehydrated with ethanol at 238 K and embedded in Lowicryl HM20 at room temperature, practically no lipid was extracted. Substitution of the polar methacrylate-acrylate resin Lowicryl K4M for Lowicryl HM20 resulted in the loss of about half of the lipid content of the cells. The use of ethanediol as dehydrating agent instead of ethanol did not diminish the extraction. Cells fixed solely with glutaraldehyde lost about half of their lipid content, even when both dehydration and embedding was performed at 238 K. The lipid material extracted from glutaraldehyde-fixed cells contained slightly more saturated fatty acids than that remaining in the cells. The reverse was true for osmium tetroxide-fixed cells. With respect to lipid species, the extractions were generally rather unspecific.     

基于YOLOV4的工件表面质量在线检测方法研究

目的 提升自动化产线上工件表面微小缺陷的检测精度和检测速度。方法 首先,在预处理阶段提出采用CutMix的数据增强方法,增加训练样本的多样性,提高模型的鲁棒性和泛化能力,避免训练模型产生过拟合;使用K–means++聚类算法生成边界候选框,以适应不同尺寸的缺陷,并较早地筛选出更精细的特征。其次,借助CSP Darknet53网络及SPP模块提取输入原始图像的特征,通过训练获得针对工件表面质量的在线检测模型,提升YOLOV4缺陷位置检测及识别的精度。结果 实验结果表明,文中所提出的基于YOLOV4的工件表面质量在线监测方法的预测精度达到97.5%,检测速度达到32.8帧/s,均优于同类的深度学习算法。以贵州某航空工业产品的自动化产线作为实验平台验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。结论 该方法具备结构简单清晰、自适应性强等优点,检测精度和速度均满足工业场景需求,可以将其用于产品表面质量的在线检测。     

航空发动机状态监控和预测性维护应用研究

为了深化飞参数据的应用价值,通过研究发动机转动件故障预测、剩余寿命预测以及气路健康等,为发动机保障决策和预测性维护提供参考。采用经验模态分解(EMD)结合相对向量机(RVM)、灰度模型(GM)用于发动机转动件、气路监测的状态监控和故障预测,选取波音某型飞机故障数据验证了模型的准确性,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)能达到8.46%;采用卡尔曼滤波(KF)结合梯度提升决策树(GBDT)的方法对数据进行降噪并预测剩余寿命,通过美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的航空发动机仿真数据集验证了模型能达到91.3%的准确率;采用核主成分分析(KPCA)结合深度置信网络(DBN)的方法建立发动机气路健康监控模型,经过大量QAR数据验证和测试,预测相对误差为0.43%。针对基于数据挖掘的航空发动机故障诊断算法开展研究,设计了相应的算法,开展了实验验证,通过有效的数据预处理和模型参数调节,使得故障诊断性能达到较高水准,为航空发动机的预测性维护提供了重要参考。     

Elmore Delay Estimation of Two Adjacent Coupling Interconnects

基于"有效电容"的概念提出了一种分析两相邻耦合RC互连延时的方法.与采用Miller电容的传统方法比较,该方法不但提高了计算精度而且反映出了延时随信号上升时间的变化规律.该方法与Elmore延时法具有相同的计算复杂度,可广泛用于考虑耦合电容的面向性能的布线优化.     

Determination of organochlorine pesticides in marine sediments samples using ultrasonic solvent extraction followed by GC/ECD

A rapid multiresidue method has been developed for the analysis of 17 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) (-HCH, γ-HCH, β-HCH, δ-HCH, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, 4,4-DDE, dieldrin, endrin, 4,4-DDD, endosulfan II, 4,4-DDT, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan sulfate, methoxychlor and endrin ketone) in marine sediments. The method is based on the ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE) of sediment samples. The extraction procedure was optimised with regard to the solvent type, amount of solvent and duration of sonication steps. Analytical determinations of the 17 OCPs were carried out by gas chromatography using electron capture detector (GC/ECD). The highest recoveries from sediment samples spiked at trace concentrations of 50 ng g⁻¹ obtained when samples were extracted two times by ultrasonication for 20 min with 5 mL of dichloromethane. Recovery studies were performed at 1, 2, 5, 10 and 50 ng g⁻¹ fortification levels and correlation coefficients obtained ranged from 0.9652 to 0.9993 showing that the method is linear over the range assayed. The detection limits (signal/noise = 3) for the organochlorine compounds tested in marine sediments varied from 0.1 to 1 ng g⁻¹ dry weight. USE of OCPs from marine sediments using dichloromethane showed satisfactory extraction efficiencies combined with simplicity of use and low solvent consumption.     

Decontamination of petroleum sludges by hot water extraction

The process of hot water extraction of tar sand was modified and adapted for removal of heavy oil from bottom tank petroleum sludges, and was submitted to a laboratory feasibility study. This process can also be utilized to clean beach sands contaminated by accidental heavy oil spills. In the case of oil contaminated sands, a single stage extraction has yielded a 99% recovery of hydrocarbons and clean sands (containing less than 0.1% of hydrocarbons) which are thus safe to be returned to the environment. In the case of petroleum bottom tank sludge, it was necessary to proceed with a double stage extraction with the addition of a wetting agent. A dosage of a Na₂ Si O₃ aqueous solution of 1% by weight has proven efficient, allowing an 82% recovery of hydrocarbons, with only 0.5% of hydrocarbons content in the solid residues.     

2007～2008年世界黄金资源及市场状况分析

分析了近两年世界黄金资源及市场状况,讨论了影响黄金价格的因素,并对黄金价格的未来走势进行了预测。2007年全球黄金产量继续下降。从2008年开始全球的黄金需求放缓,但一些新兴经济体（如中国）的产量和需求量出现一定程度的增长。2007年国际黄金价格再创历史新高,并在2008年上半年继续上涨。随着全球金融危机的愈演愈烈,短时期国际黄金价格还将面临下跌的压力。     

直升机声信号特征提取和识别技术

简要介绍了直升机的飞行噪声和它的频域特征，论述了声信号特征的提取技术，采用基于模式识别的信息处理方法，用ＡＲ模型参数谱估计算法高质量地估计一直升机的声线谱；用二次近似法快速有效地提取了直升机的声线谱特征，构成特征矩阵；用模式识别中句法分析方法对声目标进行有效的判决、识别，并编写了相应的程序，给出了分析结果，效果良好。